An analysis of the generic characteristics of counseling reveals three variables that interact in such a way as to seriously hinder counseling with third-world groups. These are language variables, class-bound values, and culture-bound values. These generic characteristics are contrasted with value systems of various ethnic groups. Implications…

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (excluding Mazes and Digit Span) was administered to 64 third-grade children, randomly selected for IQ. Female examiners elicited higher Full Scale IQ, Verbal IQ, Comprehension, Similarities, and Vocabulary scores from all children. (Author)

Extends the work with distributional structures to the analysis of leaders' oral behaviors. (MH)

Four aspects of user satisfaction are identified and discussed: output, service policies, library as a whole, and interaction with library personnel. While techniques for output measurement have received the greatest attention, other assumptions can be made about user satisfaction measurements. They will be affected by requirements, expectations,…

Compared family interactions of intact families with clinically depressed mothers with those of normal families. Analyzed nonverbal affective behavior. Depressed mothers emitted significantly higher rates of dysphoric affect and lower rates of happy affect than did normal mothers. Interactions between mother's dysphoric affect and family's…

Reports a study of kindergarten children's strategies for acquiring and protecting status in interactions with peers. Focusing on children's negotiations of relative social standing in face-to-face interactions, discusses strategies children used to improve and defend their relative positions in the social structure of their peer group. (NH)

Research is reviewed on the interaction patterns of individuals using augmentative and alternative communication systems. Major findings and limitations of interaction studies are highlighted, focusing on methodological approaches, subjects, partners, contexts and sampling procedures, and measures and data analyses. Directions for future research…

Clinically depressed persons and dysphoric normals have a negative impact on others. This study attempted to identify what about the dysphoric paralinguistic style creates the aversive impact experienced by others. Results suggest that soft, flat tones, with long pauses and variable loudness and pitch were significant. (Author/KS)

Analyses in this study revealed trends that bear some similarity to other coorientation research on the variables of agreement, accuracy, and congruency between individual members and their group, but the small amount of variance accounted for by time spent communicating suggests a need for measurement revisions in further research. (PD)

Examines how people use "accounts," (communicate their own preferred meaning to explain a failure or problem in a more acceptable way). Illustrates the use of accounts in a teacher-student conference. (PD)

Examines modification of mother-child instruction as a function of age of learner in middle childhood (six versus eight years). Instruction and learning were compared on two tasks designed to simulate school and home activities. Results show more intense instruction of all kinds for the younger children in the school task. (RH)

Found that the discussions of "effective" and "ineffective" groups were distinguished by (1) how the groups examined opinions and assumptions advanced by group members; (2) how the groups evaluated alternative choices; (3) the nature of decisional premises; and (4) the nature of influence exerted by influential members of the group. (PD)

Assessment of student needs on a continuing basis will provide an educationally sound environment. Data collected from college students (N=952) provide support for this hypothesis. (Author)

Kindergarten children (N=90) were given opportunities to report to their class during "sharing time" the cooperative or friendly behaviors of their peers which had occurred during the day. Cooperative behavior increased and aggressive acts decreased when peers reported prosocial behavior to the class. (Author)