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Lazareva, Olga F.; Wasserman, Edward A. – Learning and Motivation, 2009
We [Lazareva, O. F., Freiburger, K. L., & Wasserman, E. A. (2004). "Pigeons concurrently categorize photographs at both basic and superordinate levels." "Psychonomic Bulletin and Review," 11, 1111-1117] previously trained four pigeons to classify color photographs into their basic-level categories (cars, chairs, flowers, or people) or into their…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Word Recognition, Classification, Animals
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Ritchey, Kristin; Schuster, Jonathan; Allen, Jaryn – Contemporary Educational Psychology, 2008
Two questions regarding signals' influence on memory were examined. First, the relationship between headings and text was manipulated to determine whether headings serve as visual cues, directing readers to recall all subsequent information, or content-specific cues, directing readers to recall only to certain information. Second, distance between…
Descriptors: Reader Text Relationship, Visual Discrimination, Cues, Memory
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Haley, Janet L.; Heick, Patrick F.; Luiselli, James K. – Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 2010
This study examined the use of an antecedent-based intervention to reduce the vocal stereotypy of a student diagnosed with Autism within the general education classroom. The student displayed frequent nonfunctional speech and disruptive vocal sounds. An antecedent-based intervention, involving the use of qualitatively different cards--to cue the…
Descriptors: Cues, Intervention, Autism, Mainstreaming
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Rhodes, Gillian; Lie, Hanne C.; Ewing, Louise; Evangelista, Emma; Tanaka, James W. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2010
Discrimination and recognition are often poorer for other-race than own-race faces. These other-race effects (OREs) have traditionally been attributed to reduced perceptual expertise, resulting from more limited experience, with other-race faces. However, recent findings suggest that sociocognitive factors, such as reduced motivation to…
Descriptors: Memory, Recall (Psychology), Whites, Asians
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Jeon, Hana; Moulson, Margaret C.; Fox, Nathan; Zeanah, Charles; Nelson, Charles A., III – Infancy, 2010
The current study examined the effects of institutionalization on the discrimination of facial expressions of emotion in three groups of 42-month-old children. One group consisted of children abandoned at birth who were randomly assigned to Care-as-Usual (institutional care) following a baseline assessment. Another group consisted of children…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Communication, Familiarity, Parents, Novelty (Stimulus Dimension)
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Harel, Assaf; Bentin, Shlomo – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2009
The type of visual information needed for categorizing faces and nonface objects was investigated by manipulating spatial frequency scales available in the image during a category verification task addressing basic and subordinate levels. Spatial filtering had opposite effects on faces and airplanes that were modulated by categorization level. The…
Descriptors: Classification, Cognitive Processes, Spatial Ability, Visual Perception
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Fields, Lanny; Moss, Patricia – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2008
Most complex categories observed in real-world settings consist of perceptually disparate stimuli, such as a picture of a person's face, the person's name as written, and the same name as heard, as well as dimensional variants of some or all of these stimuli. The stimuli function as members of a single partially or fully elaborated generalized…
Descriptors: Testing, Stimuli, Classification, Evaluation
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Langton, Stephen R. H.; Law, Anna S.; Burton, A. Mike; Schweinberger, Stefan R. – Cognition, 2008
We report three experiments that investigate whether faces are capable of capturing attention when in competition with other non-face objects. In Experiment 1a participants took longer to decide that an array of objects contained a butterfly target when a face appeared as one of the distracting items than when the face did not appear in the array.…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Communication, Attention, Visual Stimuli, Cognitive Psychology
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De Baene, Wouter; Ons, Bart; Wagemans, Johan; Vogels, Rufin – Learning & Memory, 2008
Primates can learn to categorize complex shapes, but as yet it is unclear how this categorization learning affects the representation of shape in visual cortex. Previous studies that have examined the effect of categorization learning on shape representation in the macaque inferior temporal (IT) cortex have produced diverse and conflicting results…
Descriptors: Animals, Brain, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Classification
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Collins, Therese; Schicke, Tobias; Roder, Brigitte – Cognition, 2008
The preparation of eye or hand movements enhances visual perception at the upcoming movement end position. The spatial location of this influence of action on perception could be determined either by goal selection or by motor planning. We employed a tool use task to dissociate these two alternatives. The instructed goal location was a visual…
Descriptors: Visual Discrimination, Eye Movements, Visual Perception, Human Body
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Mather, Mara; Nesmith, Kathryn – Journal of Memory and Language, 2008
Four experiments revealed arousal-enhanced location memory for pictures. After an incidental encoding task, participants were more likely to remember the locations of positive and negative arousing pictures than the locations of non-arousing pictures, indicating better binding of location to picture. This arousal-enhanced binding effect did not…
Descriptors: Recognition (Psychology), Memory, Arousal Patterns, Experiments
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Rieger, Jochem W.; Kochy, Nick; Schalk, Franziska; Gruschow, Marcus; Heinze, Hans-Jochen – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2008
The visual system rapidly extracts information about objects from the cluttered natural environment. In 5 experiments, the authors quantified the influence of orientation and semantics on the classification speed of objects in natural scenes, particularly with regard to object-context interactions. Natural scene photographs were presented in an…
Descriptors: Semantics, Classification, Psychometrics, Semiotics
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McCullough, Stephen; Emmorey, Karen – Cognition, 2009
Two experiments investigated categorical perception (CP) effects for affective facial expressions and linguistic facial expressions from American Sign Language (ASL) for Deaf native signers and hearing non-signers. Facial expressions were presented in isolation (Experiment 1) or in an ASL verb context (Experiment 2). Participants performed ABX…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Communication, Reaction Time, Visual Stimuli, Linguistics
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Mather, Emily; Plunkett, Kim – Infancy, 2009
During the second year of life, infants develop a preference to attach novel labels to novel objects. This behavior is commonly known as "mutual exclusivity" (Markman, 1989). In an intermodal preferential looking experiment with 19.5- and 22.5-month-olds, stimulus repetition was critical for observing mutual exclusivity. On the first…
Descriptors: Novelty (Stimulus Dimension), Toddlers, Visual Discrimination, Memory
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Kravitz, Dwight Jacob; Behrmann, Marlene – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2008
Although object-based attention enhances perceptual processing of information appearing within the boundaries of a selected object, little is known about the consequences for information in the object's surround. The authors show that distance from an attended object's center of mass determines reaction time (RT) to targets in the surround. Of 2…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Dimensional Preference, Information Processing, Proximity
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