Examined the effects of social age status and gender on perception of control of work, home, and school situations. Adults perceived the greatest control through the ability to influence powerful others. Adult females perceived greater influence than adolescent or retired females but the same as males of any age. (Author/JA)

Fifty-nine undergraduate students, divided into two groups to compare the instructional motivational effects of auto-tutorial and conventional instruction, were tested for achievement via performance (Ac), achievement via independence (Ai), and internal-external locus of control. Significant interaction was found between Ac and the two methods of…

A longitudinal study of first graders found that children had a more internal locus of control, were more optimistic, and scored higher on an effectance motivation measure at the end of first grade than at the beginning but attitudes and self-esteem did not change. Some changes were effected by SES and academic success. (AtuhorRD)

The author explains his research on learning differences between children of Hawaii's different ethnic groups, particularly the Oriental-Americans. His studies focus on two separate variables: fast-slow instruction and locus of control. (SJL)

In this study of four hyperactive elementary children, the effects of painting and physical activities on attention-to-task were observed. Both techniques brought improvement, the pleasure of the activities seeming to provide an intrinsic reward which the children internalized, bringing increased attention-to-task to other classroom activities.…

Students who underwent counseling displayed a positive difference in classroom behavior, relationships with teachers and peers, and self-understanding. Tutored children improved their academic behavior and teachers reported success with several strategies for behavior change. (JAC)

It was found that self-concept and self-esteem scores were higher than those of the general population, that Ss viewed themselves as being largely in control of their own lives and events that influenced them, and that they possessed relatively positive attitudes toward school, their teachers, and learning. (DLS)

Eighty gifted children were administered divergent thinking and problem-solving tasks, as well as measures of tolerance for ambiguity, locus of control, and self-esteem. The four comparison groups varied in intelligence quotient and ideational fluency. Results emphasized the consistency among cognitive and affective dimensions of divergent or…

Client expectancy of powerlessness can lead to actual powerlessness. Once counselors recognize that personal power is healthy and beneficial, they have to begin to structure institutions and agencies to encourage the development of personal power. (Author)

Eighty subjects in grades 5, 7, 9, and 12 spontaneously nominated peers as the most acceptable reference group for social judgment; adults outside the family as a reference group for informational judgment; and parents as the best referent for moral judgment. (Author/CP)

Utilizes ATI methods to study relationships between locus of control and preservice science education achievement in science content and science process under high- and low-structured instructional treatments. Findings show that, overall, a high-structure condition was most effective but that internal students achieved more in a low-structured…

Considers the influence of noncognitive or affective factors (those which govern a person's feelings) on student learning and achievement. Reviews studies focusing on anxiety, locus of control, student age differences, and instructional style. (MB)

A model of psychological treatment increasing internality and regaining control over stressful environments was tested among college students. The two experiments assessed: (1) the locus of control regarding recent events and individual characteristics; and (2) the locus of control and manifest anxiety at pretreatment and posttreatment. Results…

Relates findings from a review of the literature on six academic motivational constructs studied in traditional environments to online education concepts. Examines self-efficacy, locus of control, attributions, goal orientation, intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation, and self-regulation to identify methods for ensuring student success in online…

Gifted students' perceptions of an internal or external locus of control (LOC) and the effect on their behavior is discussed. Research is reviewed that shows that gifted students who are proficient academically or in other areas believe they have an internal locus of control, while underachieving gifted students perceive an external LOC. (CR)