This experiment examined the effects of headings and adjunct questions embedded in expository text on the delayed multiple-choice test performance of college students. Subjects in the headings-present group performed significantly better on the retention test than did the subjects in the headings-absent group. The main effect of adjunct questions…

Studies in two consecutive school years examined the value of a counseling center in raising disruptive students' self-esteem, self-concept of academic ability, and internal locus of control. In 1982-83, profile data were compiled on 120 students who entered a school district's counseling center during that year. A treatment effectiveness study,…

A study was conducted to determine the effects of student locus of control on perceptions of and resistance to teacher influence attempts. Subjects, 302 college students, were provided with 22 sets of Behavior Alteration Messages and were instructed to rate on a 1-5 scale "how frequently your teacher uses statements of each type to get you to…

It was hypothesized that a person's estimates of the preventability of health problems would be related to health behaviors such that a person who engages in healthful behavior should make higher estimates of preventability. A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between causal attribution of health problems and health-related…

Much evidence has indicated that personal networks with family, friends, and community members can enhance health and improve psychological adjustment. Personal networks provide elderly persons in particular with companionship, practical help, and useful advice. The ecological models proposed by Bronfenbrenner (1979) portrays the social networks…

Interpersonal power has been defined as the ability of an agent to alter the behavior of a target through means-control, attractiveness, and credibility. To identify and delineate situations of influence in personal relationships, undergraduate students either wrote influence descriptions (N=96), made similarity judgments on the original 96…

An interview study examined the assumptions about adult learning held by 28 educational policy-makers, researchers, and staff developers. Fifteen assumptions were inferred from the interview data, each forming a dimension that describes learning as experienced by the participants: (1) Adult learning experiences are envisioned as similar for all…

In a sample of 559 fifth-grade students, measures were collected to assess: (1) dimensions of self-attribution for causes of academic outcomes; (2) multiple dimensions of self-concept; and (3) academic achievements. The empirically-derived dimensions of academic self-attribution replicated and extended results of previous research, but failed to…

"Skills for Adolescence" is a drug prevention program designed specifically for young adolescents (ages 10 to 14) which features a course for grades 6-8 that can be offered in conjunction with classes in language arts, social studies, health, and related content areas, providing opportunities for students to use the skills of reading, writing,…

This study examined differences and similarities between male and female patterns of adult development by comparing equivalent male and female subject groups with regard to psychological well-being, locus of control, and job satisfaction. Subjects were 74 male and 81 female elementary and secondary school teachers who were either between the ages…

Registered nurses, interns, and residents from five hospitals in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey were administered the Maslach Human Services Survey, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, Rotter's Locus of Control Scale, Newman's Alpha Omega Scale, and a demographic questionnaire. Results strongly suggested that an individual with high self-esteem and…

The influence of locus of control (LC) and American College Testing (ACT) scores in predicting grade point average (GPA) was investigated with college freshmen at a predominantly and historically black campus in Mississippi. A total of 322 freshmen were administered the Rotter Locus of Control Inventory during the first month of school. The ACT…

Quantitative data and descriptive data (written self-evaluation and journal entries) were collected from young adults participating in a standard 26-day Outward Bound course during a quasi-experimental control group design experiment to determine the degree to which participation in a high risk wilderness program leads to self-discovery,…

This study applied a model of student academic motivation to an existing set of classroom data from 323 third graders in 17 classes from 2 Stanford, California elementary school districts. The model proposed that common forms of student-motivated behavior, such as task engagement, are systematically related to students' cognitive structures and…

A theoretical framework is presented to investigate the interactions of certain motivational factors with test-wiseness. Test performance is a function of two independent elements: the cognitive learning in the classroom situation and the test-wiseness in the testing situation. These situations are associated with independent sets of affective…