Discusses a strategy by which students can explore social studies concepts by doing. Describes the use of counter examples to help students derive clear, concise definitions of terms and appropriate applications. Gives a set of rules by which definitions can be evaluated and presents example exercises. For journal availability, see SO 506 572.…

Examines certain assumptions about social research that guide teaching and give power and authority to curriculum. (Author/RK)

The response of mentally retarded children to various stimuli (low active remain low active, high active remain high active) relates activity to intelligence and suggests that, for low intellectual functioning subjects, the retardation was due to endogenous reasons with consequent organic brain involvement affecting mechanisms controlling activity…

This study was designed to investigate response-class phenomena and the possibility of indirect contingency control. A 3 1/2-year-old male was the subject for the study. (BD)

Discusses a study which sought to determine the extent to which teachers or prospective teachers can discriminate among generalizations about phonics of varying degrees of usefulness. (JM)

Research based instructional procedures to facilitate generalization of learning strategies by remedial students are offered at four levels of generalization: antecedent, concurrent, subsequent, and independent. Within each level, specific procedures mediated by the special teacher, the regular teacher, peer, and/or student are illustrated.…

The effects of treatment on errors in consonant clusters and in ambisyllabic consonants were investigated in two adults with histories of developmental phonological problems. Results indicated that treatment, consisting of a sound-referenced rebus approach, affected change in production of trained words as well as generalization to untrained words…

Three kindergarten children with residual articulation problems, as evidenced by the consistent misarticulation of "s," participated in a therapy program which employed simultaneous training of "s" in the initial, medial, and final positions of familiar words. Rapid generalization of correct "s" production occurred for all children. (Author/DB)

Children's knowledge and control of a language pattern changes throughout the course of its acquisition. Language interventionists concerned about generalization may need to distinguish between activities that will promote rule learning and activities that will promote effortless rule utilization. (Author/DB)

Results of a "loose training" prompting tactic to teach an autistic 11-year-old boy to initiate interactions with his peers resulted in increased spontaneous interactions (1) with training peers in nontraining, generalization sessions and (2) with nontraining peers in generalization sessions. (Author/DB)

A comparison of 28 mildly mentally retarded children with 28 children of average intelligence (mean mental age six years) in learning conservation skills found both groups benefited from Direct Instruction methods, but retarded children acquired only pseudoconservation from Observational Learning methods. Their learning was not tenacious and did…

Meta analysis is used to examine the results of 189 studies concerning sex and intelligence. The relationship between these two variables is investigated for five large clusters of cultures. For some intelligence factors, significant cultural differences are found between Western groups and Asian/African groups. (VM)

Discusses criticisms of behavioral science research methodologies, and offers solutions which emphasize that it is only on the basis of theory that one can decide on an appropriate hypothesis to be tested, on a correct method of statistical analysis, and on whether the experimental results can be generalized to a population of interest. (Author/KS)

Results of a study comparing the outcome of a reinforcement (do only) procedure with correspondence (say/do) training indicated no apparent differences in generalization between two groups of mentally retarded adults (N=12). Rule-governed behavior, rather than verbal regulation of behavior, may best account for behavior changes seen in…

The impact of several environmental and institutional factors on college and university enrollments between 1975-76 and 1980-81 is examined. Separate enrollment analyses of public and private two-year and four-year institutions, and of the major doctoral, comprehensive, and baccalaureate institutions of four-year schools were made. (Author/MLW)