Investigated influence of prolonged deprivation on responses to uncontrollable outcome among 104 Indian students in the tenth grade. Finds high-deprived and female students displayed greater helplessness than did their low-deprived and male counterparts. Females and high-deprives students attributed uncontrollable outcome more to internal, stable,…

Attributional retraining, the restructuring of an individual's explanations for events in his environment, is proposed as one method of enhancing college student motivation and achievement, particularly for high-risk students. Drawing on previous research and theory, the most promising strategies for using attributional retraining with this…

Analyzes how locus of control affects teachers instructional perceptions, their perceived workload, and their professional satisfaction. Reveals that teachers emphasizing an internal locus of control are satisfied professionally, see teaching as demanding, and positively view their instructional practices; teachers emphasizing an external locus of…

Compared behavioral, self-evaluative, and attributional responses of boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to those of typically-developing boys on a social success and failure laboratory task. Found that ADHD boys rated their own performance more favorably than controls, were more likely to attribute success to external…

Twelve elementary students with learning disabilities and 42 students at risk for special education referral served as tutors for younger children. Half the tutors were trained to make statements attributing success to ability and effort, as well as strategy suggestions for errors. These tutors became more positive in their self-perceptions than…

Site-based management is especially relevant for large, complex, and bureaucratic city districts. A recent study of six urban midwestern schools shows that effective SBM schools fully involve parents, challenge current principal/teacher relationships, eliminate destructive district/school relationships, build a trusting climate, create meaningful…

Examined impact of peer experience on seventh graders' strategies for coping with peer hassles. Found that more aggressive adolescents perceived more control over hassles. More aggressive, unpopular adolescents used more negative strategies; more popular aggressive females used more problem-focused strategies. Withdrawn adolescents perceived less…

Examined extent to which demographics, students' personal resources, and family resources predicted stable or lowered educational expectations from eighth grade to 2 years post-high school. Found that predictors of lost talent or lowered expectations over time included low SES and racial group membership. External locus of control predicted lost…

Based on national data from the Prospects study, we identified the individual characteristics that distinguished academically successful, or resilient, elementary school students from minority and low-socioeconomic-status (SES) backgrounds from their less successful, or nonresilient, counterparts. We also formulated and tested 4 models of the risk…

The growing demographic diversity of the under-graduate student body in American postsecondary education has been well documented over an extended period of time. One result of this increased diversity is the substantial number of "first-generation" college students from families where neither parent had more than a high-school education. For…

Leading the modern university in the twenty-first century is a nearly impossible task. According to Parker Palmer (2006), the answer for all university presidents and faculty alike lies not in looking outward at competing demands, but in facing inward. Palmer would agree that new leadership is needed for new times, but it will not come from…

Since 1980, children with mild learning disabilities in Croatia have a legal right to attend regular schools together with their typical peers. Today they are still facing a lot of troubles during their schooling that has had a strong impact on their whole family. In order to see more clearly the parent relationship toward their children this…

A longitudinal study of teachers' computer use and personal variables which might predict that use was performed. The study was begun with questionnaires administered to 167 preservice undergraduate elementary education majors during their final year of study, and was repeated 3 years later after the 100 participants had graduated and had worked…

Research has found the majority of college students are working in full- or part-time capacities while classes are in session. Research has identified several benefits of college student employment. This study analyzed additional career decision-making benefits associated with college student employment, especially when such employment offers…

Although health is a key element in one's experience of middle adulthood as a time of productivity and personal fulfillment, research on psychosocial factors predictive of mid-life health is sparse, especially for women. Psychosocial variables are not only highly salient to health, but also are potentially modifiable by women themselves. This…