A system of categories organized along the three dimensions of behavior, location, and social setting, was developed and used to obtain recordings of the activity of pupils in open-area schools and traditional schools. (Author/JKS)

Presents evidence that nonverbal cues by newscasters are interpreted by the viewer as a sign of bias. Using two cues, raised eyebrows and a smile, the study produced data that suggest that the audience is aware of this influence. (JMF)

Providing more information about experimental studies than required under the ethical principles formulated by the American Psychological Association can result in data bias on a specific task; overall, however, the implementation of ethical principles has little effect on data collected in classroom settings. (RL)

Substantiates Piaget's stage theory of moral development, suggesting that, within the retarded population, level of intellectual ability is significantly related to moral judgment. (RL)

In this study involving 20 four- and five-year-old children, the boys were more motivated by intermittent reinforcement from their fathers, while girls were more motivated by fathers' continuous reinforcement. (RL)

Traces federal involvement (particularly policy making and financial support) in teacher education since the Civil War. Topics discussed include the ascendency of science and technology, planned social change, curriculum reform, educational legislation, and community involvement. (Author/DB)

Supports the conclusion that social influence may occur prior to the emergence of group norms. Shows consistency with the general proposition that people behave in a manner they believe will lead to smooth social interaction. (Author/RL)

Suggests that creating from and sharing dreams is an effective way to develop language skills, individuality, understanding, and rapport in elementary classrooms. Provides an index of dream topics that a group of elementary students reported. (RL)

A review of research findings examines how children up to age 12 use media, especially television, and presents theoretical accounts of the functions media serve during childhood. (Author/KC)

Observes that the norm for the onset of embarrassment and blushing is five years, although some children may show these signs of a social self one or two years earlier. (RL)

Two additional hypotheses were tested in a replication of a previous study that found two factors from the "Children's Personality Questionnaire" that discriminated between disabled and non-disabled readers. Notes the differences between this study's results and the original study's results. (RL)

Defines emblems or symbolic gestures, distinguishes them from illustrators and discusses a recently developed procedure for surveying the emblem repertoire in various cultures. (MH)

Studies patterns of dress, play, behavior and gestures of male prisoners and contends that these nonverbal cues constitute a vital prison communication channel. (MH)

Examines the relative effectiveness of either partial or total success training as a preventive agent against the debilitating effect of noncontingent reinforcement. (Author/RK)

Examines how the convention of females interpreting "male" material and males interpreting "female" material affects an audiences evaluation and comprehension of performance. (MH)