A study was conducted to determine if Navy authors of instructional material could create effective memory aids for use in rote learning of material. A guidebook published by the Training Analysis and Evaluation Group was used in creating the memory aids. Navy school personnel used the guidebook to develop two training booklets incorporating…

In this report, the theoretical background and procedures for a study of concept learning are discussed. Several definitions of the term "concept" are analyzed, and the relations among concepts, chains of concepts, and hierarchies of concepts are explored. Conceptual learning is discussed from several points of view, and axiom systems for the…

In this volume, the results of a study of concept learning are presented. (The background for the study, and descriptions of the treatments--rote reception, rote discovery, conceptual reception, and conceptual discovery--are provided in Part 1.) Several hypotheses concerning the effectiveness of these treatments in learning concepts and on the…

Two experiments investigated the effects of four teaching treatments on sixth graders' learning of an ecology curriculum. Recitation was more significant in improving learning than the other treatments--probing or followup questioning; redirection of a question to another student; and higher cognitive questioning. (Author/CP)

Four kinds of understanding of mathematics are suggested: instrumental, relational, intuitive, and formal. Each type of understanding is described and illustrated. (MN)

Looks at problems in United States geographical education in the early nineteenth century as perceived by reformers of that period. Focuses on who the reformers were, what changes they advocated, and problems encountered by the reform movement. (Author/AEM)

Description of a study testing for retention of visual material identified as being familiar or unfamiliar to the subjects. (HB)

We should not, in the name of "back to basics," regress to the old methodologies of memorization and drill. Computational skills must be thoroughly developed, but mathematics should also be taught in a way that will enhance thinking skills and problem solving in an enjoyable atmosphere. (Author/SJL)

Explores the learning approaches of males and females and their subsequent biology understanding and achievement. (ZWH)

Six elementary-age children with learning disabilities were found to learn subtraction facts more rapidly when a rule teaching and correction strategy was employed, compared to learning facts by rote. A study of generalization of rule usage found that the two children studied did generalize the strategy to an additional problem. (Author/JDD)

Investigates the role in learning of rote-learned formulas or chunks. Data were examined from a longitudinal study of 16 child beginner classroom learners of French for occurrences of three chunks, against which definitional criteria were tried out. These forms were then tracked for two years to chart their breakdown and explore their contribution…

Argues that more attention should be given to teaching students how to learn the rudiments of specific metabolic pathways. This approach describes a unique way of learning the glycolytic pathway in stepwise fashion. The pedagogy involves clear rote components that are connected to a set of generalizations that develop and enhance important…

The present experimental research examined whether framing early adolescents' (11- to 12-year-olds) learning activity in terms of the attainment of an extrinsic (i.e., physical attractiveness) versus intrinsic (i.e., health) goal and communicating these different goal contents in an internally controlling versus autonomy-supportive way affect…