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Dube, Chad; Rotello, Caren M.; Heit, Evan – Psychological Review, 2010
A belief bias effect in syllogistic reasoning (Evans, Barston, & Pollard, 1983) is observed when subjects accept more valid than invalid arguments and more believable than unbelievable conclusions and show greater overall accuracy in judging arguments with unbelievable conclusions. The effect is measured with a contrast of contrasts, comparing…
Descriptors: Response Style (Tests), Item Analysis, Error of Measurement, Replication (Evaluation)
Saracho, Olivia, Ed. – IAP - Information Age Publishing, Inc., 2014
The "Handbook of Research Methods in Early Childhood Education" brings together in one source research techniques that researchers can use to collect data for studies that contribute to the knowledge in early childhood education. To conduct valid and reliable studies, researchers need to be knowledgeable about numerous research…
Descriptors: Early Childhood Education, Research Methodology, Educational Research, Naturalistic Observation
Conley, David T. – Educational Policy Improvement Center, 2011
The purpose of this paper is to provide an operational definition of college readiness that differs in scope from current representations of this concept. This paper suggests that, although much has been learned about this phenomenon, particularly during the past 20 years, few systematic attempts have been made to integrate the various aspects or…
Descriptors: College Readiness, Definitions, Concept Formation, Integrated Activities
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Fletcher, Jack M.; Stuebing, Karla K.; Barth, Amy E.; Denton, Carolyn A.; Cirino, Paul T.; Francis, David J.; Vaughn, Sharon – School Psychology Review, 2011
The cognitive attributes of Grade 1 students who responded adequately and inadequately to a Tier 2 reading intervention were evaluated. The groups included inadequate responders based on decoding and fluency criteria (n = 29), only fluency criteria (n = 75), adequate responders (n = 85), and typically achieving students (n = 69). The cognitive…
Descriptors: Reading Instruction, Response to Intervention, Cognitive Ability, Elementary School Students
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Colom, Roberto; Abad, Francisco J.; Quiroga, M. Angeles; Shih, Pei Chun; Flores-Mendoza, Carmen – Intelligence, 2008
Working memory and the general factor of intelligence (g) are highly related constructs. However, we still don't know why. Some models support the central role of simple short-term storage, whereas others appeal to executive functions like the control of attention. Nevertheless, the available empirical evidence does not suffice to get an answer,…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Short Term Memory, Correlation, Measurement Techniques
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Grimley, Mick – E-Learning and Digital Media, 2012
Recent developments in digital technology have resulted in the unprecedented uptake of digital technology engagement as a leisure-time pursuit across the age span. This has resulted in the speculation that such use of digital technology is responsible for changes in cognition and learning behaviour. This study investigated two groups of…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Information Literacy, Information Skills, Research Skills
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Ketterlin-Geller, Leanne R.; Yovanoff, Paul – Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 2009
Diagnosis is an integral part of instructional decision-making. As the bridge between identification of students who may be at-risk for failure and delivery of carefully designed supplemental interventions, diagnosis provides valuable information about students' persistent misconceptions in the targeted domain. In this paper, we discuss current…
Descriptors: Diagnostic Tests, Mathematics Tests, Mathematics Instruction, Decision Making
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Bridger, Emma K.; Herron, Jane E.; Elward, Rachael L.; Wilding, Edward L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2009
Processes engaged when information is encoded into memory are an important determinant of whether that information will be recovered subsequently. Also influential, however, are processes engaged at the time of retrieval, and these were investigated here by using event-related potentials (ERPs) to measure a specific class of retrieval operations.…
Descriptors: Correlation, Individual Differences, Brain, Experiments
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Hirose, Nobuyuki; Osaka, Naoyuki – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2009
A briefly presented target can be rendered invisible by a lingering sparse mask that does not even touch it. This form of visual backward masking, called object substitution masking, is thought to occur at the object level of processing. However, it remains unclear whether object-level interference alone produces substitution masking because…
Descriptors: Attention, Visual Perception, Experiments, College Students
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Howard, Marc W.; Jing, Bing; Rao, Vinayak A.; Provyn, Jennifer P.; Datey, Aditya V. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2009
In episodic memory tasks, associations are formed between items presented close together in time. The temporal context model (TCM) hypothesizes that this contiguity effect is a consequence of shared temporal context rather than temporal proximity per se. Using double-function lists of paired associates (e.g., A-B, B-C) presented in a random order,…
Descriptors: Recall (Psychology), Models, Experiments, College Students
Purdy, John David – ProQuest LLC, 2010
Increased second-language (L2) proficiency is associated with a shift from explicit to implicit processing; however, the neural underpinnings are of this shift are not well understood. Furthermore, it is known that unaccusative verbs cause persistent difficulties in L2 learning. In this study, behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) responses…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Proficiency, Brain, Cognitive Processes
Schalock, Robert L.; Borthwick-Duffy, Sharon A.; Bradley, Valerie J.; Buntinx, Wil H. E.; Coulter, David L.; Craig, Ellis M.; Gomez, Sharon C.; Lachapelle, Yves; Luckasson, Ruth; Reeve, Alya; Shogren, Karrie A.; Snell, Martha E.; Spreat, Scott; Tasse, Marc J.; Thompson, James R.; Verdugo-Alonso, Miguel A.; Wehmeyer, Michael L.; Yeager, Mark H. – American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2010
This Manual contains the most current and authoritative information and knowledge on intellectual disability, including best practice guidelines on diagnosing and classifying intellectual disability and developing a system of supports for people living with an intellectual disability. Written by a committee of 18 experts, "Intellectual…
Descriptors: Mental Retardation, Developmental Disabilities, Classification, Definitions
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Chang, Chun-Yen; Yeh, Ting-Kuang; Barufaldi, James P. – International Journal of Science Education, 2010
This study explored the phenomenon of testing effect during science concept assessments, including the mechanism behind it and its impact upon a learner's conceptual understanding. The participants consisted of 208 high school students, in either the 11th or 12th grade. Three types of tests (traditional multiple-choice test, correct concept test,…
Descriptors: Student Attitudes, Multiple Choice Tests, Climate, Misconceptions
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Chen, Yi-Hsin; Ferron, John M.; Thompson, Marilyn S.; Gorin, Joanna S.; Tatsuoka, Kikumi K. – Educational Research and Evaluation, 2010
Traditional comparisons of test score means identify group differences in broad academic areas, but fail to provide substantive description of how the groups differ on the specific cognitive attributes required for success in the academic area. The rule space method (RSM) allows for group comparisons at the cognitive attribute level, which…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Academic Achievement, Probability, Algebra
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Blair, Mark R.; Watson, Marcus R.; Walshe, R. Calen; Maj, Fillip – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2009
Humans have an extremely flexible ability to categorize regularities in their environment, in part because of attentional systems that allow them to focus on important perceptual information. In formal theories of categorization, attention is typically modeled with weights that selectively bias the processing of stimulus features. These theories…
Descriptors: Attention, Classification, Visual Perception, Experiments
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