Middle and upper class 3- and 4-year-old children were exposed to three consecutive 5-week treatment conditions in the naturalistic setting of a half-day laboratory nursery school program. During the first treatment condition, the teacher emphasized low level cognitive questions; during the second, high level cognitive questions; and during the…

This document is one in a series of team reports intended to stimulate further dialogue on the subject of international nonformal education from a conceptual and practical point of view. Introductory information is included in chapter 1 and in document SO 008 058. Chapters 2 and 3 define, classify, and analyze the processes of nonformal education…

In this study an attempt was made to measure variables which were expected to be related to individual differences in infants' social responsiveness toward strangers. The subjects were 48 infants (24 boys and 24 girls) between 8 and 13 months of age. Most were children of Cornell University faculty or graduate students, but a broad range of…

This paper examines two main questions: what indicators of staff readiness are useful in planning an organizational consultation with a school staff, and how evidence of those indicators can be effectively gathered. Based on experience in past consultations with various school staffs, it is concluded that a school is likely to benefit from…

The study takes place in a field setting at three different schools. Each group is composed of two black and two white students assigned randomly to either an experimental or control condition. Fourteen groups were run for each condition or a total of 28 groups. In the control condition both blacks and whites receive the same neutral training…

This experiment attempted to alter the effects of race as a diffuse status characteristic. Black subjects were given instructions meant to induce "high competence" on a task performed with white subjects. All subjects were seventh and eighth graders who did not know each other prior to the experiment. Each group comprised two white and…

The hypotheses of this field study, conducted in connection with the Teaching Techniques Laboratory at the University of Illinois, were that student teachers who had participated in a supervised, laboratory, microteaching experience would: 1) receive more favorable pupil evaluations of an initial and final teaching effort on the Teacher…

In this book, the principles of behavior modification are presented as a set of guidelines for identifying recurrent behavior patterns and are then applied as techniques to change various undesirable behaviors. Progressively more complex steps toward behavior modification and its social influence are cited and illustrated in chapters which deal…

The paper discusses differences in classroom process and environment in two rural schools and relates these differences to attendant differences in student achievement and peer ratings. Relationships between pupil creativity, achievement, personality, peer ratings and ability in classes are described using Flanders' Interaction Analysis; comparing…

This paper argues that traditional techniques of content analysis which have been applied to classroom verbal interaction studies fail to account for certain types of implicit information, and presents a technique, called "reconstruction," that provides for the inclusion of such information in a content analysis. It is argued that if…

To determine the feasibility of using audiotape recordings of class sessions and follow-up supervisory telephone conferences in in-service teacher supervision, 16 experienced and nine inexperienced junior and senior high school home economics teachers recorded three class sessions and mailed the tapes to the supervisor. After each tape was…

Reported is the development and field testing of the Science Classroom Observation Form (SCOF), an instrument focusing on the interactive characteristics among students, the environment, and teacher in elementary and junior high school science classrooms. This instrument was developed to be used in research investigations of openness and inquiry…

This study was designed to determine whether regular Head Start teachers trained as "experimenters" could produce two different teaching modes (combinations of techniques) in two consecutive sessions, using the same lesson content. Each of six Head Start teachers was asked to teach a 10-minute classification lesson to four children,…

To determine whether maternal involvement reflects her expectations about her child's ability to solve the tasks at hand, a group of 32 boys and their mothers were studied. Sixteen of the boys were classed as reflective and 16 were classed impulsive on the Matching Familiar Figures Test. The boys were matched on age (8 years 9 months and 8 years 6…

Communication between persons who trust each other differs from that between those who do not. A new conceptualization of trust is offered, drawing from game theory, credibility research, sensitivity/encounter groups, and studies of generalized expectations of trustworthiness, which makes an important distinction between the cognitive state of…