Problems of type I errors associated with multiple comparisons in the same experiment are discussed. A table is provided for the rapid determination of experimentwise alpha level when a number of independent statistical tests are employed in the same experiment. Suggested applications and the rationale for this procedure are supplied. (Author/JKS)

Three potential models for the 2 X 2 contingency table are discussed: (1) the hypergeometric Independence Trial; (2) the double-binomial Comparative Trial; and (3) the multinomial Double Dichotomy Trial. Subsequently, the critical regions of seven statistical tests are evaluated within each of these models. (TJH)

Discusses Aristotle's five means of making judgments: intelligence, "episteme" (scientific knowledge), "sophia" (theoretical wisdom), "techne" (art), and "phronesis" (practical wisdom). Sets Aristotle's theory of rhetorical argument within the context of his overall view of human judgment. Notes that…

This speculative historiographic essay attempts to fix the present position of library and information science within the context of the probabilistic revolution that has been encompassing all of science. Comprises a guide to statistical research in library and information science, discussing skewed distributions, biostatistics, stochastic models,…

Relates Thurstonian models for paired comparisons data to Thurstonian models for ranking data and proposes an intermediate model for paired comparisons data that assigns nonzero probabilities to all transitive patterns and to some, but not all, intransitive patterns. Conducted a simulation study to investigate the performance of three alternative…

This study examined factors predictive of dropping out of high school for students with learning disabilities (LD) and mental retardation (MR). The sample was composed of 228 students with LD or MR who dropped out of school and 228 students with LD or MR who had not dropped out. Two sets of pre- dictor variables (student demographics and interview…

Background: Previous studies on instructional importance show that individual students and their teachers differ in the topics that they consider important in the context of an upcoming teacher-made test. Aims: This study aimed to examine whether such differences between students' test expectations and teachers' intended task demands can be…

Findings from a single research study can tell a lot, but a meta-analysis of findings from a number of studies can tell even more. In "A Theory-Based Meta-Analysis of Research on Instruction," Robert J. Marzano analyzed the results of more than 100 research reports on instruction, involving more than 1.2 million subjects. The goal of the analysis…

From a unique data set identifying the school attended prior to university for a full cohort of UK university students; we examine the determinants of final degree classification. We exploit the detailed school-level information and focus on the influence of school characteristics; such as school type; on subsequent performance of students at…

From individual-level data for nine entire cohorts of undergraduate students in UK universities; we estimate the probability that an individual will drop out of university during their first-year. We examine the 1984-85 to 1992-93 cohorts of students enrolling full-time for a 3 or 4-year course; and focus on the sensitivity of the probability of…

This research investigated the relationship between the magnitude or scope of a stimulus and its subjective value by contrasting 2 psychological processes that may be used to construct preferences: valuation by feeling and valuation by calculation. The results show that when people rely on feeling, they are sensitive to the presence or absence of…

A model of cue-based probability judgment is developed within the framework of support theory. Cue diagnosticity is evaluated from experience as represented by error-free frequency counts. When presented with a pattern of cues, the diagnostic implications of each cue are assessed independently and then summed to arrive at an assessment of the…

The science curriculum in Malaysia emphasizes the acquisition of scientific skills, thinking skills, and the inculcation of scientific attitudes and noble values. Besides that, the acquisition of scientific and technological knowledge and its application to the natural phenomena and students' daily experiences are also equally emphasized. The…

Fifty-three adolescent girls residing in community-based group-living child welfare programs were administered a standardized measure (SASS-2) in order to assess probability of a substance use/dependency disorder in this highly vulnerable population. Findings revealed that one third of the sample, and one half of the nonpregnant/parenting girls,…

This study questions whether administrative location of an academic department influences the qualitative nature of its educational output, as measured by the distribution of field choices among graduating students. To address this question, the author recorded curriculum vitae data on 661 economics PhD candidates, all of whom were on the Spring…