Poses several questions concerning self-disclosure in group counseling and draws on research findings and clinical experience to provide tentative answers and guidelines for group leaders. (Author)

Presents an historical survey of various theoretical schools in social psychology in the United States and divides them into two classes: the social psychology of the individual and that of the relation or group. Asserts that those theories which emphasize the individual are inadequate to explain social behavior. (Author/APM)

This article briefly discusses some important elements of group effectiveness, then outlines characteristics of groupthink, provides examples of situations in which it occurs, and recommends actions in each case for preventing or lessening it. (Author/CT)

An experiment with mixed and same sex groups provided evidence that perceived motivation towards the group determines members' attained influence and status in task-oriented groups. While group-oriented members are generally more influential than self-oriented ones, the degree of motivation's effect depends on the member's external status…

Describes a model developed to plan initial strategies based on origin of goals within four leadership situations, i.e.: (1) external to leader and external to group; (2) external to leader and internal to group; (3) internal to leader and external to group; and (4) internal to both. (Author/RC)

Conflict intervention employs an outside party to influence the outcome of a conflict by applying negotiation, conciliation, mediation, and arbitration. Originally used in labor-management disputes, these techniques have been applied in family and neighborhood disputes, in provider-consumer disputes, and in environmental and international…

Organization Development is a management science that defines and solves organizational problems. Procedures include: (1) diagnosis of problem; (2) gathering of data related to problem; (3) obtaining feedback; (4) developing various change strategies; (5) developing an action plan; and (6) implementing the plan. (CJ)

The effects of a short-term group counseling with confinees in a U.S. Navy correctional facility were determined. After 10 weeks of counseling the treatment group held significantly more positive views toward "Persons in Authority" than did the control group. (Author)

The results of an experiment with a participatory learning model indicate that, through participatory training, adults can experience improvement in their self concept which will aid them in becoming effective group members and in making decisions. (Journal availability: Department of Adult Education, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506.)…

Identifying clients is of prime importance to group leaders. Two variables which have proved useful in understanding therapeutic performance are social risk taking propensity and client expectancy. The present study was concerned with the prediction of group member performance following pretreatment assessment of these two variables. (Author)

Positive feedback was more desirable and impactful than negative feedback. There was no difference in credibility ratings. The only significant difference found in relation to the self-concept variable was a more favorable desirability rating for negative feedback by high-level self-concept subjects. (Author)

Techniques for achieving control of and producing results from task-oriented meetings with peers are discussed, including acquiring a perceived mandate, structuring attendance, and developing a working, narrative agenda. A productivity matrix correlates meeting activities with appropriate group leadership behaviors. (SK)

Presents a model of organized advisory councils containing three components: structural knowledge, programing skills, and group process skills. This framework can be used to train advisory council members and improve the effectiveness of extension programs. (SK)

Suggests that four social processes protect against alcoholism in American Jews: (1) association of alcohol abuse with non-Jews; (2) integration of moderate drinking norms, practices, and symbolism during childhood through religious and secular ritual; (3) restriction of adult relationships to other moderate drinkers; and (4) techniques to avoid…

Examines the relationship between newspaper groups and their member papers. Shows how the introduction of a group-owned wire service encourages member newspapers to print certain news stories, how profit goals established by groups change the publisher's role, and how management techniques affect newsroom personnel. (RL)