A comparative analysis of ocean fishing work organizations located in complex agricultural societies finds that laborers in fishing have relatively high power and rewards; three technical and environmental differences can account for authority differences; greater isolation of workplace demands for coordination, and physical risks in fishing.…

Develops a model to explain organizational behavior in terms of the goals of individuals and of the constraints imposed by resource utilization. (Author/WM)

The document is the result of research conducted on 14 Indian reservations and one settlement in the Southwest, Midwest, West, and Pacific Northwest by Illinois State University in the summer of 1970. Some 124 Indians were interviewed, many of whom were leaders and participants in various Red Power organizations. As noted, the dominant impression…

The resurgence of books on power points out that the fundamental issue in leadership is power. The books also compel one to look at the management of aggression and its corollary, the management of dependency. Empirical, simplistic, circumscribed cross-sectional methods are not likely to lead to a comprehensive understanding of the leadership…

Empirical research shows good managers are motivated by a need for power, tempered by maturity and self-control. Workshops can help a manager discover whether he has the correct motivation profile and can help him become a better manager. (JG)

When subjects are instructed to reinstate their original state of mind and write the same stories, or not to worry about their stories, test-retest reliability of need for power is substantially higher than the levels usually found for Thematic Apperception Test motives and approaches levels found with objective personality tests. (Author)

Describes Comunidades Eclesial de Base (CEBs) or base communities which are self-help and mutual aid groups that assist in alleviating the effects of poverty and powerlessness in Latin America. Discusses two potential problems of CEBs - that they may encourage either passivity or increased violence. (Author/NB)

Examined the effects of self-coping cognitive treatment for test anxiety delivered in a massed format and a spaced format. Ninety-three test-anxiety subjects were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (a) workshop, (b) six-session treatment, or (c) control. Results suggest that this treatment is effective in treating test anxiety.…

Compared the two definitions used to study therapist interpersonal control: The relational coding scheme of Ericson and Rogers and the topic initiation/topic following schema of Tracey and Ray as they apply to actual therapy dyads. Both schemata were moderately correlated, but the two models attributed control to different participants.…

Examined how autonomy and decision-making manifest themselves in 36 retirement communities in Arizona, California, Florida, and New Jersey. Results indicated that most residents let others make decisions. Autonomy was basically latent, with residents wanting the possibility of decision-making when crisis arises or community stability is…

Discussion of successful integration of human relations into day-to-day life in organizations focuses on individual's need to deal with competition, power, and politics. A framework that provides a systematic way of viewing power and politics and the irrational side of organizations is given, and case studies illustrate framework components. (EJS)

Examined psychotherapy process from social power theory. Findings indicated therapists were consistent in their use of tactics, male therapists used more influence tactics, therapists used more passive forms of influence earlier in the session, therapists of both genders told female clients what to do, and therapists used stronger influence…

Used the Job Choice Exercise to examine the relationship between power and achievement needs and managerial motivation in 172 subjects (managers, blue-collar employees, and students). Results showed those who scored high in managerial motivation had higher managerial performance, higher promotion rate, and held leadership positions. (JAC)

Suggests that counselors can help discouraged people regain their sense of strength and potential to cope with their problems. Describes various techniques for doing this including reliving earlier success, creating images of successful performance, and identifying with people who have risen above their circumstances. (JAC)