In August 2015, the U.S. Department of Education announced an experimental program that would allow higher education institutions to offer postsecondary educational programs inside adult prisons. The U.S. Department of Education's Second Chance Pell Grant Experimental Sites Initiative would allow state and federal incarcerated students to apply…

The study investigated the availability of reformation programmes for prisoners in North-West Nigeria. Descriptive survey was adopted as the design for the study. The population comprised the entire prison inmates, prison officials, lawyers and human rights activists (stakeholders) in the North West Nigeria (Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi,…

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between behavioural disorders and social cognition among orphans in Saudi Arabia by adopting a phenomenological qualitative approach. To achieve this aim, 50 subjects were selected to participate in this study through a purposive sampling. The participants were subjected to a semi-structured…

Infants in an orphanage who live in an underprivileged environment show delayed gross motor development; however longitudinal investigations of gross motor development in orphaned infants are limited. This study aimed to assess the variability of gross motor development of orphaned infants using a longitudinal observation. The gross motor…

This article describes some of the methodology, practice and effect of reading groups run by Prison Reading Groups (PRG), which currently operates in 60 prisons across the UK, and is supported by the charity Give A Book. Groups choose what they want to read together and how they will read it. Reading aloud can aid literacy as well as being a force…

As COVID-19 cases surge worldwide, young people in California's state-run youth correctional system, the Division of Juvenile Justice (DJJ), remain at high risk of contracting the deadly virus. During a first-wave outbreak in June and July of 2020, DJJ was unable to control COVID-19's rapid spread, resulting in the infection of one in twelve youth…

The recent Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) provides insights into the skill levels of incarcerated adults ages 18-74 for the first time in more than a decade. Initial analyses of PIAAC data indicated that 31 percent of incarcerated adults with dependent children under 18 have low literacy skill levels…

Despite over thirty years of service-learning research, the vast majority of research in America conducted on service-learning in higher education, both within composition courses and across other academic disciplines, focuses on college students attending four-year universities, with little attention given to their two-year counterparts…

The school-to-prison pipeline (STPP) describes in shorthand the problematic relationship between some students' school experiences and their subsequent incarceration. One summer, in response to vocal concerned parents, a suburban school board adopted a zero-tolerance policy for smoking and vaping. Through the combined effects of the zero-tolerance…

Background: African-American and Latinx youth are disproportionately exposed to neighborhood violence and are overrepresented in the U.S. juvenile justice system. Perceived neighborhood violence is associated with negative health outcomes. Objective: We examined associations between African-American and Latinx youths' perceived neighborhood…

The Juvenile Justice System was established on the premise of rehabilitative action for behaviors that have led youth to the criminal justice system. However, the system has increasingly moved away from this original concept toward a punitive model. The authors present how this movement resulted in the devolution of human rights for the youth…

The Second Chance Act and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act encourage juvenile justice personnel to collaborate with not-for-profit organizations, employers, and community schools to provide incarcerated girls with disabilities transition support to reenter their community after incarceration. The "Career and College…

It is speculated that undiagnosed emotional and behavioral disorders are a contributing factor to the increasing number of incarcerated girls globally. Untreated, these disorders often lead to more severe maladaptive behaviors and contact with law enforcement. This article provides information available in Brazil, Costa Rica, Saudi Arabia, and the…

This article describes the process of reentry for adolescent girls and young women who experienced incarceration as adolescents in Costa Rica. The needs of adolescent girls and young women with undiagnosed and psychosocial disabilities are explored, considering existing scholarship and research gaps from Costa Rica's legislation and policies.…

The United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world, and as many as a third of Americans have some type of criminal record. Upon reentry, individuals with a justice history, whom referred as returning citizens, face significant barriers to economic security and reintegration into their communities. Among the most formidable barriers…