Habituation to single female faces and to single geometric patterns was observed separately in two groups of infants who participated in two sessions separated by 10 days. Habituation was found to be distributed into three patterns and showed moderate but significant reliability between assessment sessions. (Author/RH)

The study examined the WISC-R (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised) profiles of 26 intellectually gifted students with respect to idiographic and normative variability in performance between scales and among subtests. Results indicated (even among highly homogeneous ability groups) significant variability in performance, reflecting…

Studies 12- to 24-month-olds in a series of videotaped tasks assessing single object manipulation, relational play, pretend play, distractibility and persistence. Develops eight relatively subtle measures of three aspects of individual differences in infant behavior: developmental level, attention span, and exploratory diversity. (Author/NH)

Delay/response inhibition in the presence of an attractive stimulus and compliance with maternal directives in a clean-up task were observed among subjects 18, 24, and 30 months of age. Results suggested (1) achievement of self-control is a major developmental accomplishment, and (2) individual differences in self-control emerge and are…

Several criticisms of Bandura's "reciprocal determinism" are offered: the unidirectional causal account works in cases cited by Bandura; Mackie's criticism of Russell's view of causation also applies to Bandura; and "reciprocal determinism" is a misleading expression when stressing person/environment interactions. (Author/BW)

In their analysis of reciprocal determinism, Phillips and Orton (TM 509 061) mistakenly assume that behavior, cognitive and other personal factors, and environmental events operate as a simultaneous wholistic interaction. Contrary to this belief, the interactants in triadic reciprocality work their mutual effects sequentially over variable time…

Determines whether there is a basis for substance usage treatment program stratification according to adolescent subpopulation categories. Findings reveal that while demographic features are important in predicting substance involvement among youngsters, support for development of separate programs designed to affect them is lacking. (Author/ABL)

Discusses how children learn to share, gives three examples of children's sharing behavior, and raises issues concerning the teaching of sharing skills. (RH)

Challenges the notion that long-term memory retrieval efficiency is a potential source of individual and developmental differences in cognitive functioning. Fourth-grade, eighth-grade, and college-aged subjects participated in a task using the Posner letter matching paradigm and were assessed with tests of verbal and spatial ability. (Author/CB)

Compared the responses of 496 severely ill adults and 297 healthy persons concerning the threat of loss of life or bodily integrity. Results indicated that ill people expressed more concern with both types of threat. Each type of loss was associated with a different set of psychological states. (JAC)

Surveyed 56 psychiatrists, 173 psychologists, and 282 social workers to examine similarities and differences in their personal and moral values. Results suggested the three groups shared a common core of personal values. Regarding moral values, psychiatrists and psychologists emphasized duty while social workers emphasized personal freedom. (JAC)

Examined what types of aggressive behaviors are learned from an individual's social environment in a sample of 14 college students who were Vietnam veterans and 66 non-Vietnam veterans and nonveteran students. Results indicated assault is clearly one aggressive behavior that increases with exposure to aggressive life experience. (JAC)

Presents a retrospective study of patients who died in a hospice home care program to examine quality of care and differences between patients who died at home and in the hospital. No prediction could be made of which patients could remain at home until death. (JAC)

In the 20 years since the publication of "Frames of Mind" by Howard Gardner, two major developments have altered the prospects for making a connection between neuropsychology and theories of how people differ. The first of these events was that electrical or magnetic recording make it possible to "see" inside the brain as…

This book demonstrates how to make the classroom more responsive to the needs of individual students with a wide variety of learning styles, interests, goals, cultural backgrounds, and prior knowledge. Focusing on grades 6 through 12, it showcases classroom-tested activities and strategies. The chapters are: (1) "Foundations"; (2)…