Two hypotheses are examined: 1) Low Machiavellians writing counterattitudinal essays will report greater attitude change toward the direction of the position advocated than will high Machiavellians; and 2) Intrinsically religious persons writing counterattitudinal essays will report greater attitude change toward the direction of the position…

This self-instructional module shows how to break down a goal into its directly observable component parts. Once this is done, the parts can be used as evaluative criteria for measuring goal accomplishment. The procedure used in this study is a specific application of a general method developed at the University of Massachusetts, called "The…

The present study tested the "just world" hypothesis that a socially respectable person is more at fault in a crime in which he or she is the victim. It was assumed that the attitudinal similarity of a hypothetical juror to the victim and the defendant would make both the victim and the defendant more respectable. Employing a 2 (victim…

Empathy has been hypothesized as a mediator facilitating prosocial behaviors such as altruism. Definitions and measures of empathy disagree as to the extent to which the observer's response is affective and the necessity for the observer to understand the other's point of view. A conceptualization of empathy which includes these considerations has…

Our capacity to provide food and shelter is freeing us from the constant burden of keeping the wolf away from the door. We are increasingly able to give our attention to other values. This type of sufficiency provides time and circumstances for developing intimate relationships. Intimate relationships are characterized by revelation of one's…

This study attempts to discover whether personal value structures are present at the personality level of student interaction (1) when there are no specific issues confronting the student, or (2) when issues are present and interaction results in linkage of the student value structure with a particular issue. Based on the results of a differential…

This research review is concerned with affective measures that supplement other standard measures of achievement or biographical data for junior college students and staff. One instrument for measuring attitude is the Thurstone Method whose basic assumption is that a person's attitude is reflected by the opinions he endorses. Student attitudes and…

The Southwestern Cooperative Interaction Observation Schedule (SCIOS) is a classroom observation instrument designed to record pupil-teacher interaction. The classification of pupil behavior is based on Krathwohl's (1964) theory of the three lowest levels of the affective domain. The levels are (1) receiving: the learner should be sensitized to…

The purpose of this discussion is to identify and to describe current models of reading comprehension in order to draw conclusions regarding their application to classroom teaching. The models are categorized according to the different approaches to comprehension: "Behavior Models" are concerned with determining behavioral outcomes for teaching…

This study represents part of an extended research program designed to explore the various parameters of imaginative play in children and their relationship to the later development of daydreaming and various cognitive skills or personality characteristics. The specific focus of this investigation was on role of adult intervention represented…

A case study of psychiatric intervention for two sisters whose brother is dying of leukemia is presented. The therapeutic technique attempted to deal with the threatened loss by a forthright approach to the reality situation, encouraging "immunizing" discussions, allowance for catharsis without severe regression, emphasis on reality orientation,…

The mediating role of learning in the relationship between repeated exposure and affect was explored and supported in three experiments involving a total of 229 undergraduate participants. It was found that both learning and affect measures behaved in essentially the same way as a function of exposure duration (experiments I and III), serial…

The holistic, synergistic, normative, self-actualization motivated, transpersonal psychology developed by Maslow and others has opened enormous opportunities for a new sociology, a humanistic, transcultural, value-committed sociology. Such a sociology would not have the glorification of science or knowledge for its own sake as its highest goal,…

A proposed study of the differences in the way children perceive, approach, and behave in problem-solving situations is described. The behavioral measure to be used is "glancing," which has been related to outerdirectedness. Children will be given two sets of two puzzles to put together. On the basis of the number of glances and the situation in…

The smiles and laughter of an infant form the beginning of the developmental process of interpersonal interaction and socialization. The earliest smiles are automatic expressions of internal states, but soon infants' smiles are communications of pleasure. The developmental changes in smiling and laughing in early infancy reflect the rapidity with…