Spontaneous and model-induced production of a valuational style of inquiry was studied in 128 third-grade children. (Authors)

An adult model (teacher) displayed a preference for the doll least selected by the children in her classroom. Indications were that children in the experimental classes imitated the preference of their teacher in selecting their favorite doll at the completion of the experimental period. (Author/CB)

Current beliefs about how children draw emphasize the importance of drawing from memory, rather than from observation. However, an experiment with children aged seven to nine showed that observation drawings included greater detail and complexity. More research on observation drawing is recommended. (IS)

Infants viewed two objects that bounced in synchrony with two percussion sounds in order to learn about the relationships between sound and object. Learning was revealed in two ways: in a search test and in a transfer test. (Author/DB)

Drawing on anthropological theories of cultural transmission, the author suggests that the simple notion of teacher education be replaced with a concept incorporating teacher education (instruction in formal procedures), teacher enculturation (role-learning through observation), and teacher schooling (transmission of professional folklore which…

Experiment One results indicated that reciprocal imitation is not necessarily reciprocal, but is generalizable. Experiment Two showed that subsequent imitation effects, whether from observing others imitate or from being the target of the imitation, result from a process of imitation of imitativeness. (Author/RC)

Cubberley Conference at Stanford University was first major attempt to propose application of behavioral principles to counseling process. Evolution of one of these strategies, social modeling, and how this strategy fostered development of more specific observational learning techniques, such as self-observation and self-modeling, are discussed.…

The effectiveness of observational learning in social skills acquisition was assessed with two moderately retarded adults (ages 23 and 27) who were being trained as role models with mentally retarded peers. (Author/PHR)

Some determinants of affectionate behavior in young children were explored. Experiment 1 demonstrated that children who imitated a male model who was nurturant were nurturant. Experiment 2 demonstrated that mere participation without imitation of nurturance and imitation of neutral physical contact was not effective in inducing affectionate…

Self-modeling is less anxiety provoking than is self-observation per se, and might have considerable potential in helping clients continually strengthen self-coping skills. Clients who view themselves as weak, inadequate, or unattractive often experience changes in such perceptions concomitantly when achieving desired positive changes in behavior.…

Describes 18 books on thinking and learning for elementary school-aged children. Each book is critically discussed and evaluated in an appropriate category--problem solving, the scientific method, observation, or logic. (BK)

Two experiments examined conditions that affect the observer's spontaneous motoric and symbolic mediation, and the relationship between these mediators in an observational learning situation. Subjects were undergraduate students. (CM)

Discusses the use of critical thinking and critical observation methods as applied to teaching sociology courses. Discusses how students are taught to evaluate situations holistically. States that critical observation is the ability to identify assumptions and stereotypes interpreted by behavior. Provides an assessment of an exercise model that…

Investigated the extent to which 3.5-month-old infants trained in amodal auditory-visual relations between falling objects and the sounds they made could generalize their intermodal knowledge to a new task and across events. Found that infants tested with familiar events and with events of a new color or shape showed learning and transfer…

Four studies examined 10- to 18-month-old infants' ability to detect and encode correlations among features in a motion event. Findings indicated that the youngest infants process static features in an event independently but do not process correlations among dynamic features; the oldest detect correlations between all three features when the…