A review of research on language handicapped, disadvantaged, and other children, indicates that incidental language teaching (natural unstructured interactions between adults and children and which allow adults to transmit new information and give children practice in developing communication skills) is a promising language intervention technique…

Discusses those persons (interdisciplinary professors and researchers) who served as models for the author's teaching/research and their specific contributions to his experience. (AEW)

Counselor trainees (N=6) were shown five videotaped segments of counselor-client interactions to determine whether differential levels of anxiety and recall occur during vicarious modeling or self-observation. Found a significant negative correlation between the physiological measure of anxiety and recall but no significant differences in the…

Using a yoked control procedure, kindergarteners either produced or observed interactions between pairs of toys. Children who performed rather than observed remembered the pairings over time. (ST)

Four-and seven-year-old children observed an adult, filmed model perform novel behaviors following social interaction with that adult. Other children viewed the film without social interaction. Children were then asked to demonstrate behavior. Seven-year-olds did better than four-year-olds, and a positive social interaction facilitated modeling.…

Spontaneous and model-induced production of a valuational style of inquiry was studied in 128 third-grade children. (Authors)

An adult model (teacher) displayed a preference for the doll least selected by the children in her classroom. Indications were that children in the experimental classes imitated the preference of their teacher in selecting their favorite doll at the completion of the experimental period. (Author/CB)

Current beliefs about how children draw emphasize the importance of drawing from memory, rather than from observation. However, an experiment with children aged seven to nine showed that observation drawings included greater detail and complexity. More research on observation drawing is recommended. (IS)

Infants viewed two objects that bounced in synchrony with two percussion sounds in order to learn about the relationships between sound and object. Learning was revealed in two ways: in a search test and in a transfer test. (Author/DB)

Drawing on anthropological theories of cultural transmission, the author suggests that the simple notion of teacher education be replaced with a concept incorporating teacher education (instruction in formal procedures), teacher enculturation (role-learning through observation), and teacher schooling (transmission of professional folklore which…

Experiment One results indicated that reciprocal imitation is not necessarily reciprocal, but is generalizable. Experiment Two showed that subsequent imitation effects, whether from observing others imitate or from being the target of the imitation, result from a process of imitation of imitativeness. (Author/RC)

Cubberley Conference at Stanford University was first major attempt to propose application of behavioral principles to counseling process. Evolution of one of these strategies, social modeling, and how this strategy fostered development of more specific observational learning techniques, such as self-observation and self-modeling, are discussed.…

The effectiveness of observational learning in social skills acquisition was assessed with two moderately retarded adults (ages 23 and 27) who were being trained as role models with mentally retarded peers. (Author/PHR)

Some determinants of affectionate behavior in young children were explored. Experiment 1 demonstrated that children who imitated a male model who was nurturant were nurturant. Experiment 2 demonstrated that mere participation without imitation of nurturance and imitation of neutral physical contact was not effective in inducing affectionate…

Self-modeling is less anxiety provoking than is self-observation per se, and might have considerable potential in helping clients continually strengthen self-coping skills. Clients who view themselves as weak, inadequate, or unattractive often experience changes in such perceptions concomitantly when achieving desired positive changes in behavior.…