The present study examined indirect effects of modifying appropriate classroom behavior by itself and academic performance by itself. Results show reinforcing appropriate behavior increased that behavior but produced little improvement in arithmetic performance. However, reinforcing arithmetic performance increased correct work and resulted in a…

The present study investigated effects of a token program for one child on the attending behavior of other children sitting near him. Results show the rewarded child's attending increased in the reinforcement conditions and the unrewarded children's attending increased when they were sitting on either side of the rewarded child. (Author)

The authors, after interviewing a group of female subjects, found that parents, peers, school, formal institutions and the nuclear family were the main factors responsible for the specific sex-roles women have at present. The authors stress the role of counselors in changing traditional views of women's sex roles. (SE)

This study was designed to assess college students' preferences for peer and professional counselors. It was hypothesized that these preferences are a function of the nature of the clients' problem. Findings support the hypothesis though they must be accepted with caution since the sample was psychology students in one school. (Author/EJT)

The four papers presented here include a study of group communication process among college students, a developmental analysis of social interaction, an analysis of environmental impact on interaction, and a methodological discussion of ways of studying interaction. These papers are followed by series of three discussion papers. (PS)

This research focuses on the significance of grandparenthood to a sample of young adult grandchildren as detailed from their responses to a series of Likert-type, range of choice, and yes-no items in five distinct areas of inquiry. Results show that grandchildren do not see grandparents as old-fashioned. (Author)

To learn the extent to which employees on the job feel they have personally experienced or observed age discrimination in employment, a questionnaire was administered to aerospace employees in a large Southern California firm. Half of the employees responding reported that they had personally experienced some form of age discrimination. (Author)

Where does a community worker look to discover the local distribution of power? Are the accepted indicators reliable? This analysis of 82 social science studies that examine the correlation between community characteristics and power structure turns up some surprising results--with definite implications for practice. (Author)

This study reexamines the relationship between the Sixteen-Personality Factor (16-PF) Questionnaire and counselor performance ratings. Results of this study and the reanalysis of previous studies indicate that it would not be advisable at this time for counselor educators to identify or predict effective counselors on the basis of the 16-PF.…

Client ratings of the abilities of 33 school counselors to communicate the core facilitative conditions of empathy, regard, congruence, and trust are compared to the counselors' scores on a measure of self-actualization. Results support the contention that there exists a strong relationship between self-actualization and counselor effectiveness as…

Neighborhood Youth Corps participants (N=250) experienced group counseling over a 10-week period. Approximately half of the groups were conducted by five counselors who were supervised by a practicum instructor, and the remainder of the groups were led by unsupervised counselors. The participants in the supervised counseling groups were more…

Focuses on the immediate effects of group training and participation for inservice counselors and on the effects after one year. Subjects were 15 inservice counselors. The POI was used to assess personal growth. Results indicate that participating counselors maintained their positive POI gains one year later. (Author/HMV)

Undergraduate students (N=287) completed an 82-item questionnaire about their expectations of counseling. The respondents' strongest expectations were of seeing an experienced, genuine, expert, and accepting counselor they could trust. Expectancies that the counselor would be understanding and directive were lower. Significant sex differences were…

This laboratory analogue investigated the effects of supervisor skillfulness and supervisor-supervisee attitude similarity on the attraction of the supervisee to the supervisor. Results showed a main effect of supervisor skillfulness on attraction but did not show attraction to vary as a function of supervisor-supervisee attitude similarity.…

Effects of instructions, modeling, and rehearsal in training college students in empathic communication were investigated. Analysis of responses indicated that improvement in empathic communication occurred for all training groups. Specific instructions appeared to be a critical factor in facilitating written performance. Modeling seemed to be…