Presents a model for training counselors to learn to confront empathetically. Describes a confrontation training scale that includes inadequate responses of acquiescing and scolding and the progressively more effective responses of recognizing ineffective behavior, realizing its negative consequences, and committing to change. Suggests confronting…

Compared the assertive behavior of two groups differing in information-processing style. In experiment one, high conceptual-complexity (CC) subjects demonstrated greater content knowledge, direct delivery skill, and fewer negative self-statements. In experiment two, high versus low CC females were more assertive in difficult situations. (Author/RC)

Explored the applicability of laboratory findings on the effects of massed versus distributed practice to an applied situation. Four groups were compared: massed practice, distributed practice, combination massed and distributed practice assertion-training groups, and no-treatment control groups. No differences between the different types of…

Paralinguistic and nonverbal behaviors were the best predictors of ratings of subjects' overall performance. Complex verbal categories were the most significant predictors of skill across different situations. Results also showed clear sex differences in degree and pattern of cue usage between male and female judges. (Author)

The effect of sex of therapist and client on therapists' attitudes toward assertiveness problems varies from case to case. There is little evidence for sexism in counseling for assertiveness problems, except for the existence of a double standard with regard to sexually assertive clients. (Author)

The more other-directed, the more subjects tended to conform. These conformity rates were higher than previous studies. When replications of well-known experiments are conducted, there is increased need for debriefing because of the apparent defiant subject effect. (Author/JAC)

Both self-report and behavioral assessments of behavior change following treatment failed to show interaction of treatment type and level of dysfunctional attitudes. Skills training and cognitive-behavioral treatments were equally effective and significantly more effective for persons with low levels of dysfunctional attitudes. (Author)

The majority of the behavioral group therapy studies feature direct transfer of individually oriented procedures to a group of clients with similar problems. Methodological deficiencies include possible experimenter bias, unequal durations of experimenter attention, lack of adequate measurement tools, and too few follow-up evaluations. (Author)

Volunteers estimated the passage of one-minute intervals. An average of four trials was obtained. This average and scale scores from the 16 PF were used in the computation of a discriminant function analysis. (Author/BEF)

Compared effectiveness of group assertion therapy with individual assertion therapy. Results indicated no significant differences between group v individual assertion training. Pre-, post-, and follow-up measures demonstrated that both treatments were effective in increasing assertive behavior skills and in reducing hostility and anger. Treatment…

Supports the tenet that American college students tend to make assertions that correspond to their sex-role stereotypes. (RL)

Indicates that assertive training is effective in reducing counselor discomfort and anxiety. Such training has no significant effect upon client or supervisor ratings of counselor effectiveness. (Author)

Reviews recent literature on psychological changes that occur in middle age in men and women which indicate that men tend to become more affiliated and women more assertive. A series of cases are presented to illustrate the impact of these changes on middle age and marriage. (Author)

This study focuses on reducing the hostility of hospitalized adolescent and young adult psychiatric patients through assertive training techniques designed to teach appropriate responses to interpersonal conflict. It was predicted that, after treatment, the assertive group would show greater assertiveness, less hostility, and a more positive…

Social Competence Training (SCT) is a composite, voluntary program of instruction and group treatment initiated at the California Correctional Institution to work out individual problems of inmates as well as moderating the overall social situation at the institution. (Author)