Measured the social and academic adaptation of 45 sibling pairs in grades 2 to 5 and compared the results with similar data obtained for randomly selected, unrelated pairs matched on sex, grade, and classroom. Significant similarities were recorded among siblings in their peer relations, academic performance, and behavioral adjustment, whereas…

When two nonhandicapped peers of an autistic five-year old were trained to initiate social interaction, social interaction increased and then dramatically decreased in a reversal phase, and no decrease in the autistic child's disruptive behaviors was observed. When the autistic child was trained to initiate interaction, social interaction…

Explored the relationship between the cognitive style and the sociability of 76 5-year-old Mexican Americans in 5 public school kindergarten classrooms. Main effects were found in play behaviors, selection of play areas, perspective taking, social competence, and sociometric nominations. (Author/LB)

This study compared responses to a survey on critical social behaviors completed by 79 persons who had prior experience with employees with mental retardation and 59 persons without such experience. Findings revealed that prior experience did not appear to affect ratings though other factors, such as knowing the purpose of the survey, did…

Fifteen preschool children with mild mental retardation (developmental delays) were observed during play with nondisabled peers. Children with delays showed less social play, more disruptive entry, more regressive behaviors, and less positive affect; their level of social play related to developmental age and communication ability but not to…

Peer nominations and teacher ratings of children's social behaviors were obtained for 36 preschoolers during their first, second, and third years in preschool. Peer nominations showed stability across time, and teacher ratings correlated with peer nominations. (MDM)

Examines choices of 83 male and 84 female college students in vignettes providing opportunities to achieve through competition with a person of the other gender with whom students have a close relationship. Overall, men seem less willing to compete against women. Results are discussed in terms of job competition. (SLD)

Longitudinal studies of three boomtowns and one stable community in Utah and Wyoming found that "neighboring" (neighbors' task support, emotional support, and familiarity) was not affected by rapid economic or population growth, but was related to local sociocultural features--familism, social status, religion, and residential stability.…

Discusses the factors affecting the course of conflict as the orientation to the conflict of the parties involved, their personalities, the issues, and the conflict's sociocultural patterns. The article concludes with a discussion of the skills involved in constructive solutions and offers suggestions for research. (GLR)

Patterns of motivation and social behavior among children working in pairs at microcomputers were investigated over 4 months by observing 53 male and 42 female kindergarten students and 4 female teachers. Almost no gender differences were apparent. Results suggest that introducing computers at this age might reduce the predominance of male…

Assessed the effects of a proactive instructional approach to school-wide discipline in common areas of an urban elementary school of 555 students on the social interactions of students and referrals for disciplinary action. Results show a clear improvement in social behavior that was maintained throughout the experiment. (SLD)

The development of 193 preschool children from five groups (developmental language disordered, high-functioning autistic, low-functioning autistic, mentally retarded, and normally developing) were coded in situations involving simulated distress by an adult. Low functioning autistic children showed deficits in responding to all situations. The…

A study investigated the effects of the audiological rehabilitation of 31 Swedish individuals with moderate to severe hearing loss. Results indicate that despite the fact that hearing impairment is regarded as a work-disability in the labor market, it is often hidden in interactions with others at the workplace. (CR)

Explains a conceptual model for a comprehensive, multilevel, school-wide discipline program and describes its implementation in one elementary school. Key elements of the program include teaching social norms, a seven-step school-wide classroom management strategy, and targeted, intensive, and comprehensive interventions. (DB)

Reviews extant research on children's social skills, including their ability to modulate their feelings, their social cognitions, and their behaviors within the context of peer interaction, as measures of social competence. Examines definitions of social competence in light of assessments of children's performance. Offers policy recommendations…