The Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI) and the Self-Directed Search (SDS) were administered to 110 Black and White non-college-degreed workers in three occupations (laboratory technicians, sales clerks, and clerk-typists) corresponding to three of Holland's environmental categories (Investigative, Enterprising, and Conventional). Findings for…

The author presents a major goal for education and then proceeds through a curriculum model of theory into the application of theories appropriate for the goal, the learners, and the content area. Includes the theories of individual differences, involvement in the learning process, and multisensory learning. (CT)

Thirty-two students took a retention test eight months after completing an educational psychology course. Their ability to recognize definitions of concepts was compared to their ability to recognize new instances of the same concepts. No differences were found. (Author/GK)

Discusses three theories showing how aesthetic growth through participation in creative activity can exercise the kinds of abilities that make cross-cultural communication possible. These theories are (1) appreciation of individual differences; (2) growth from past experiences; and (3) understanding the feelings of others. (CT)

Assigned undergraduates to groups defined by combination of factors: opportunity to cheat, type of competition, subject Machiavellianism (Mach). Cheating occurred in opportunity to cheat, impersonal competition, high Mach group and in opportunity to cheat, personal competition, low Mach group. Extends research to situations where subjects cheated…

Dewey's notion of "reflective thinking" is discussed. A model of phases of reflective thinking is described: problem recognition, enumeration of possibilities, reasoning, revision, and evaluation. Each phase has at least one parameter governing its operation and one rule for setting the optimum parameter value. Sources of individual…

Critiques historian Perry Miller's treatment of the Puritans in American history for 1) inattentiveness to individual differences, 2) focus on theology, 3) failure to recognize the importance of typologies (biblical analogies) and metaphors to the Puritans, and 4) stressing the importance of the Puritan mind over their emotional lives. (AM)

Aimed to provide an extensive and integrative review of empirical studies of pretend play in children. Attempts were made to sort out what is known from what is supposed but unconfirmed, and to identify the theoretical implications of the former and the relevance of the latter. (Author/RH)

Assesses the effectiveness of different child-generated classification schemes on preschool children's memory performance. Children who organized pictures according to taxonomic categories (e.g., animals, vehicles) demonstrated significantly greater recall than children classified as nontaxonomic. (Author/MP)

Two studies are reported that examine intraindividual variability in performance on measures of fluid intelligence, varying either practice or testing time conditions. Substantial improvement in level of correct performance is obtained for both conditions; error patterns, however, differ for the two. (Author/GK)

Reports on a yearbook study that provides some data about the differences between college yearbook buyers and nonbuyers. (RL)

An appraisal was made of data reported by Clay (1969) as evidence for individual differences in self-correction behavior in children's reading. It was found that the index of incidence of self-correction used had several properties which could not be justified. (Author/SJL)

Argues that developmental psychologists need attitudes, methods, and conceptual schemes that integrate the distinctive contributions of both nature and nurture in order to study change and consistency in developmental functions, as well as individual differences in behaviors of interest. A conceptual scheme for early mental development is…

Sex differences and their relationship to individual differences were examined for Maccoby and Jacklin's sex differences summaries, for a diverse set of measures of specific cognitive abilities (including verbal ability), and for objective personality assessments of 216 school-age children. Average differences between groups appeared to be trivial…

Results indicate that assertiveness training is attractive to and effective for low performance self-esteem women. Treatment brings immediate and long-lasting improvement. (Author/BEF)