This report provides the results of a survey conducted by the Southwest Research Team whose goal was to provide information concerning the issues and concerns of young people in Southwest Portland. The study was part of an attempt to set a foundation for an on-going process of involving Southwest Portland youth in the planning activities of the…

The book contains guidelines for a competency-based entry-level curriculum in therapeutic recreation. An introductory session discusses the rationale for and process of developing a competency-based curriculum. Suggested learning activities and performance criteria are listed for each objective in the following 10 modules: philosophical and…

This study utilized the Teams-Games-Tournament (TGT) concept, an educational technique employing team competition within the classroom. The hypothesis was that mediating TGT's effects on academic performance is a change in the relationship between academic performance and sociometric status of students. Subjects were 232 seventh grade students…

Rules for parliamentary procedure are essential to any organization in the conduct of its business sessions. Originally these rules were devised to guide a parliament or congress in orderly procedure. In student councils and other school organizations, there is not time to consider orderly procedure as deeply as parliaments must--nor is there need…

The present study investigated how type of interaction between groups affects intergroup hostility and how this intergroup hostility may be reduced. In the first phase of the study groups were led to believe that they were either competing, cooperating, or having no interaction with a second group. The results indicated that competition led to the…

A survey, conducted in late 1972, assessed Anglos' views of Lubbock's 17.3 percent Mexican American population and their perceptions of local Anglos' feelings concerning Mexican Americans. Respondents were 550 Lubbock Anglo households randomly selected from the local city directory. Respondents represented a cross-section of Anglo Lubbockites,…

The general aim of this study was to provide a research strategy for members of interdisciplinary teams in exploring the interrelationship between group and individual in the therapy group process. The special focus of the study was to provide a design model that could synthesize a wide variety of data gained from group interaction, individual…

The oldest literary efforts on the subject of leadership view the leader as a person with certain describable traits. Despite intensive study, however, researchers have been unable to develop any meaningful list of leadership attributes. Empirical studies suggest that leadership is a dynamic process that varies with changes in leaders, followers,…

A conceptual approach toward more effective small group functioning is undertaken in this paper to provide a basis from which empirically relevant hypotheses can be drawn and tested. This analysis views actualizing individuals as possessing the unique ability to perceive and utilize the types of behaviors which are conducive to personalizing group…

The purpose of this essay is to propose a different explanation of collective behavior and also to hypothesize how communication functions in this process. Using the experimental finding known as the "risky shift," this essay (1) summarizes the history of the risky shift, (2) presents two different theories which have been proposed to…

Presented are guidelines for developing and conducting a group counseling program with the mentally retarded. Advantages of the group counseling approach (such as peer influence), goals for the group (such as teaching skills), and characteristics of an effective group leader (such as empathetic understanding) are outlined. Factors related to group…

In an effort to determine the effectiveness of group counseling with student nurses, 76 students enrolled in their first professional nursing course were randomly placed either in a counseling group or in a control group. As hypothesized, those students participating in the group counseling sessions received significantly higher grades in the…

This field experiment investigated the effects of confronting people with different types and timings of descriptive feedback on their presentations of self. The experimental subjects were 28 male graduate students. The subjects made three-minute informal presentations on a personal topic and then received feedback on their individual…

The teacher interns participating in the Pittsburgh Teacher Corps Pre-Service Program are divided into groups for training. This questionnaire was designed to elicit responses from their trainers regarding group atmosphere, relationships, interactions, activities, and progress during each separate session attended by each group. Trainers also…

This Head Start study sought to determine whether or not increased communication among the four groups of adults most influential in the child's transition from preschool to kindergarten would lead to a greater similarity of goals and attitudes among these groups, and thus help the child to bridge the gap between preschool and school. The four…