Assessed preschoolers' moral motive strength or attribution of moral emotions to story characters. Also assessed temperamental inhibition and self-control. Children were provided with an opportunity to cheat when they felt they were unobserved. Results indicated that moral motive strength and inhibition predicted low cheating. (BC)

In response to Leonard (EC 600 867), the article suggests that Leonard's idea that many language-impaired children merely represent the low end of the normal distribution of language ability does not eliminate neuropathology as one possible primary cause of language impairment. (Author/DB)

Studies of decision-making preferences indicated by 136 deputy principals in Catholic schools in Western Australia. Results pointed to several underlying factors (policy, discipline, economic variables, teaching load, parental involvement, and time allocation), each with a different decision-making style influenced by respondents' personal skills…

Presents a simple scheme, based on formal categories, for coding stylistic variation in the early lexicon. When applied to the first 50 and 100 words of 12 children between 0;11 and 2;3, the major dimensions of difference are found to be the relative proportion of common nouns and the relative proportion of frozen phrases. (31 references) (GLR)

The difference in effect on power of restriction of range between treatments under experimental control and categories formed from examinee (individual differences) variables is discussed. Conditions under which there is loss or increase of power are explained. (SLD)

Asked students (n=139) seeking help at university counseling center what types of problems they experienced. Found few differences between help seekers with career concerns and those without career concerns. Compared to non-help-seeking students (n=331), significantly more help seekers with career concerns indicated worrying about emotional…

Examined attention given in 185 studies to individual differences and empirical patterns of variability reported in studies presenting measures of dispersion (43 percent of gerontological studies reviewed and 24 percent of developmental studies reviewed). Most gerontological studies presenting data reported increases in variability with increasing…

Suggests that the implications of the conclusions of another article in this issue are critical to writing instruction, in that they relate to the nature of craft in writing and its relationship to current views of language development and learning. Offers specific instructional processes to address students' differing capabilities in processing…

Studies of families, twins, and adoptees support a genetic predisposition to alcoholism. Alcohol metabolism may affect the regulation of alcohol intake, because interference with production or elimination of the alcohol metabolite acetaldehyde has behavioral effects. Ongoing research is examining individual and tribal differences in alcohol…

A theoretical integration of the storage and processing functions of working memory in language comprehension is presented. A computational theory is described in which storage and processing are fueled by activation. Capacity is expressed as the maximum amount of activation available in working memory for either storage or processing. (SLD)

It is argued that intelligent behavior cannot be understood without reference to inhibitory processes. A review of research findings suggests that resistance to interference and the capacity for inhibition are important sources of individual differences, associated with the operation of the frontal lobes of the brain. (SLD)

Assessed the interactions of preschooler dyads during two play sessions one year apart. Found that dyads' scores on measures of positive social orientation, cohesiveness, and control were correlated across time and that coordinated play and positive social orientation were more salient at time two than time one. (BC)

Three experiments tested the hypothesis that the differences in infants' time of looking at a stimulus are due to infants' differential sensitivity to global and local visual information. Found that both long- and short-looking four-month-old infants were sensitive to both types of information. These results do not support the hypothesis. (MDM)

Sample accepted findings on learners, environments, and interlanguages are proposed along with some implications for second-language acquisition theories. (79 references) (JL)

Examines the effect of skin color differences in African-American society and their influence on social and political attitudes. Finds color stratification persists but makes little difference in social and political attitudes, except that darker-skinned Blacks were found to be consistently less civil libertarian. (DM)