Token management procedures, initiated in a community residential home for six reatarded subjects, were designed to affect social behaviors and personal care habits. Two delivery formats were used, one in which prior announcement of reinforcement contingencies was explained, a second in which target behaviors were consequated as they occurred. The…

This study compared the social behaviors of daycare-attending and home-reared children in a novel social setting with both an unfamiliar peer and adult. Subjects were 24 children 26 months of age, each accompanied by a familiar caretaker. Twelve children (5 girls and 7 boys) were a randomly drawn sample of the general population recruited from…

A questionnaire was disbributed to 56 individuals (28 heterosexual cohabiting couples, both married and unmarried) to test a nine-axiom theoretical system designed to explain and predict dyadic communication behavior and satisfaction levels in personal phase relationships. Questions were asked to measure such factors as the following: time spent…

This study determined the sociometric status of "referred" children (with emotional and/or learning problems) and "stable" children enrolled in a mainstreamed preschool program in an effort to determine whether mainstreaming affects the social interaction among preschoolers functioning at different developmental levels. Two separate experiments…

Critical elements of career development may be ignored unless systematic intervention is planned. The objectives to be achieved in the Career Guidance Model are grouped into five phases: (1) awareness of self and society with individual orientation/attitudes; (2) awareness of self-in-society; (3) individual selection orientation/valuing; (4)…

This study examined factors that affect individual judgments of violent behavior portrayed on television. Study subjects included twenty "average" adolescents (control group) and twenty adolescents with a history of in-school social adjustment problems (experimental, or "adjustment," group). All the sujects were evaluated for self-esteem,…

This paper examines the relationship between educational theorist Edward L. Thorndike's psychology and his social viewpoint. Many of the revisionists in educational history have oversimplified Thorndike's thought by not examining his views from this perspective. Thorndike's educational ideas and practices are reflections of certain fundamental…

This paper deals with the training of personnel in the delivery of child-care services to institutionalized Youth. The emphasis is on training personnel in interaction behaviors that are preferred by youth themselves. Two studies are reported. The first determined what types of interactions the youth preferred, and validated these preferences on…

This paper attempts to develop a greater understanding of and suggest some methods for defining day-to-day changes in policy and predicting the operation of power and status affecting educational decisions. Physical and cognitive territoriality have meaning in the study and exercise of power and status, and are essential elements in understanding,…

The language or dialect used in a conversation will vary according to the social situation, the identity of the participants, and the conversational topic. Bilinguals will often switch languages to suit the topic or the listener; persons who speak both standard and dialect forms of a language will use the standard in formal conversation and the…

Infants raised the pitch of their vocalizations when stimulated by vocalizing parents. Nonvocal stimulation did not repeat the effect. Intonation contours did not change during different conditions. The pitch of the parents' vocalizations also rose during vocal interaction. Changes in infant pitch were interpreted as a function of imitation.…

Three studies were conducted in an initial attempt to investigate the psychological importance of trivial everyday frustrations encountered by preschool children. Study 1 analyzed the frequency and quality of experiences that could be interpreted as interfering in some way with children's natural pursuit of their desires. In a nursery school…

Questions as to the nature of sign and symbol processes and the functions and behavioral consequences of human significant phenomena are of central concern in semiotics and communication. These matters continue to be of critical importance and are still largely unresolved. Scholars in both areas of inquiry have sought unification of scientific…

The effects of modeling and corrective feedback on the conservation of equalities and inequalities were studied with items spanning three stimulus dimensions (length, number, and two-dimensional space). Observation of a model, correction training (joining positive feedback with verbal rule provision), and the combination of observation and…

The possibility that children with learning disabilities often have problems in social areas is evaluated. A study to determine the peer popularity of children classified as having learning disabilities is presented. An analysis of variance was computed for votes received on scales of social attraction and social rejection by learning-disabled and…