Influences of socioeconomic status, cognitive skills, and response tempo upon personal-social behaviors in disadvantaged preschool children were investigated as part of the Educational Testing Service-Head Start Longitudinal Study. Measures of cognitive skill, cooperation, response latency, and socioeconomic status were taken. Results indicated…

This paper presents a summary of behavior concepts that together provide the outline of a possible developmental theory of prosocial motivation. These concepts, based on human role-taking capacities, include empathic distress, sympathetic distress, personal guilt, and existential guild. At first, a child cannot discriminate between himself and…

This pilot study investigates the socializing effect of school environments, specifically with respect to helping and sharing in children. Environmental conditions presumed to promote the development of helping and sharing in children are: (1) interdependent goals, (2) modeling, (3) reward of helping and sharing, (4) awareness of others' feelings,…

The purpose of this pre-planning guide is to assist those in charge of classes in residence that attend the Conservation Field Center during the school week. The guide provides necessary details on clothing, spending money, health and safety, the role of the parent, duties and housekeeping rules, daily time schedules and programs. It is noted that…

Sex differences in antisocial behavior in 20 elementary school children were explored by using two constructs: need for achievement and need for social approval. It was hypothesized that sex differences would appear only under certain conditions. For boys, more antisocial behavior would occur when the need for achievement was frustrated, while for…

This volume reviews and reinterprets the existing literature on leadership, power, and influence processes; and provides a theoretical basis for understanding the leadership process in formal organizations. Numerous cited studies demonstrate that leadership is always relative to the situation; e.g., the effective leader makes a significant…

Systematic observation techniques were used for analyzing both the social skills development and program reactions of 3- to 5-year-old children to the Appalachia Educational Laboratory television program "Around the Bend". One specially designed observational system consisted of 28 categories of social skills under six headings and…

To determine whether watching violence on television instills aggressive behavior in a child, the television viewing of 27 5-and 6-year old black males from a sample of urban poor families was periodically observed and charted over a 1-year period. Data was collected on each child's family unit, home setting and available media. Longitudinal…

The enthymeme--a syllogism in which one proposition is unexpressed--is adapted by the author to rhetorical analysis of movements and becomes the foundation for a theory of social change emphasizing social values and their historical transformation. Relating the enthymeme to the Burkean concepts of acceptance, rejection, casuistics stretching, and…

The primary focus of this book is "the put-on" and other manipulative strategies. Manipulative forms of communication as used in contemporary society are examined in relation to advertisements and commercials, salesmen, political figures, authors, artists, educators and students. The book is a study of power--how the powerful and…

The question which guided the studies in this third volume of technical reports to the Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior is whether aggressive social behavior by adolescents can be attributed in some degree to violent television programming. After an overview which sets the studies in a comparative context, the…

"Human relations," in its specific frame of reference, has come to mean majority-minority relations. This paper discusses human relations in both its broader as well as in its narrower focus. In human relations, the problems that develop are fairly consistently a function of emotions, and in the area of emotional issues, the school board must…

This study analyzed the effect of (1) teacher priming and (2) the presence of novel gross motor play equipment on peer interaction. The subject was a 2 1/2-year-old boy who seldom interacted with his classmates in a toddler class. In the teacher priming condition, teachers verbally and nonverbally prompted the subject to interact with peers, while…

The study focuses on the interaction between moral development and situational factors as it affects prosocial behavior. Three experimental conditions varied the permissibility of interrupting a task to help an "ailing" confederate. A situation by moral judgment interaction was predicted. Stage three and four subjects, defining right action in…

In contrast to previous reviews that have dealt extensively with either situational determinants of intervention in emergencies or norms governing prosocial actions, the present paper focuses primarily on the role of empathy and sympathy in mediating helpful acts. To provide a meaningful context in which to integrate research in this area, two…