Develops a working model of the communication process which corresponds to the ego states of transactional analysis and attempts to discern effects of personality systems on the encoding and decoding process of individuals. (MH)

Individualization should be characterized by flexible values (such as adaptation to individual student differences and development of student responsibility), instead of rigid strategies. (Author/DS)

The purpose of this study is to compare by accepted statistical criteria the best and average scores as estimators of a subject's maximum performance. (JD)

Twenty-eight 10-month-old infants were observed by two independent teams, one measuring activity in the home situation and one measuring attachment behaviors in a videotaped standard laboratory sequence. (MS)

The role of individual differences is examined by focusing on personality variables and sex differences as they affect the degree of participation allowed subordinates by decision makers. (Author/MLF)

Reports findings of a cross-sectional study and a longitudinal study of infants' and toddlers' interaction with their mothers. Findings indicated active structuring of vocal interaction by the end of the infant's second year; gaze began to approximate the typical adult pattern of signaling as early as 18 months. Implications for theory and…

The embracing of specific cultural and educational traditions makes individuals and institutions different, and we should learn not to fear those differences but to engage them and commit to them. The liberal arts embody this ideal. (MSE)

Proposes a typology of workaholism based on the concepts of obsession-compulsion and career commitment. Discusses implications for counseling different types of workaholics. Differentiation between workaholism as a compulsion and workaholism as a characteristic of committed persons is important. (Author/ABB)

The article reviews proposed causes and observable symptoms that characterize dyslexia, concluding that individualized analysis and specialized treatments are required and that, until an operational definition can be agreed upon, use of the label "dyslexia" is counterproductive. (DB)

Examines the interplay between genes and environment and argues that the development of much individual variation can be explained in terms of relatively simple forms of underlying regulation. Looks at "sensitive periods," during which variation is produced by experience received at a particular age. Includes a discussion of the…

Two studies of performance in psychometric tests of mechanical ability are described. The subjects included a total of 70 undergraduates. Results allowed identification of subjects' rules of mechanical reasoning that accounted for variations in performance according to mechanical ability. (TJH)

Identifies automaticity as a condition allowing previously learned mental functioning to occur with minimal drain on one's attentional mechanism. Asserts that counseling becomes increasingly effective as trainees accumulate automatic facilitative behaviors and free attentional capacities to understand uniqueness of the individual client. Presents…

A teacher considers ways in which to make learning exciting, interesting, and relevant to students who do not quite "fit" into the school and academic society. Students must be encouraged to apply their strengths and skills in a way that motivates them to learn. (CB)

Tallied graduating college students (N=1,843) who displayed personal adornment in addition to their traditional academic garb. Found that degree conferred, sex of recipient, and year of graduation were related to the frequency and forms (political and nonpolitical) of adornment. Indicated that personalization of graduation attire followed patterns…

Reviews and rebuts seven common arguments that intelligence (g) is of little or no practical importance in employment. Illustrates in several ways the profound effect that differences in intelligence in a work force may have on the structure and functioning of whole societies. (Author/ABB)