Provides information about learning disabilities for the developmental educator. Discusses the multidisciplinary nature of its definition, the middle-class orientation of the movement, and the instructional methods and programs available for adolescents. Encourages the development of postsecondary programs geared to individual student needs. (CAM)

A review of all available experimental data indicates that the task-evoked pupillary response, a physiological measure of processing "mental effort," accurately reflects within-task, between-task and between-individual variations in processing demands. (Author/RH)

Married couples competed on a test of mental flexibility. Husbands and wives were randomly determined as winners and losers in competition. Spouses reacted as strongly to competition with each other as they did to competition with a stranger. Females were more affected by competitive outcome, particularly intramarital competition. (Author)

Studied adults who requested outpatient psychotherapy. Questionnaire items concerned the client's situation, past behavior in fulfilling commitments, self-prediction of session attendance, and reaction to the initial interview. A critical response scale proved highly predictive of the number of treatment sessions attended in both initial and…

Explored the relationships between the management styles of admissions officers (N=178), the recruitment activities of their units, and their level of goal attainment. Results indicated no significant relationships between management styles and office activities, or between management styles and success of admissions officers in recruiting or…

Investigates the predictability of cognitive differences at 12 months from infant and maternal behaviors at 4 months. Overall, the results show that some individual differences in cognition may be predictable across the first year of life. (Author/RH)

Three experiments were conducted with the Tower of Hanoi task to assess problem-solving ability in 6-, 7-, 8-, and 10-year-old nonretarded children and mentally retarded young adults of varying maturational ages. (Author/MP)

Examined age and sociodemographic differentials in food intake and eating patterns in households in a midwestern metropolitan county. Meat was the only food consumed with recommended frequency by all ages. Food intake and eating pattern differences by age remained when effects of income, education, household composition, and gender were…

Develops measures of individual differences in attribute centrality, investigates convergent validity, and explores differences in central and noncentral attribute functions within same person. University students in three countries completed questionnaires. Four relative centrality measures correlated with information required to make decisions…

Prior studies found individual differences in visual recognition memory during infancy were related to individual differences in later intelligence. This paper discusses methodological issues in the measurement of infant visual recognition, the significance of previously obtained predictive validity coefficients, and the theoretical question of…

Argues that the study of "Tess of the D'Urbervilles" will provoke both agreement and disagreement in its premises and its particular judgments, but that the ensuing thought and discussion can constitute an education in novel reading. (HOD)

A study into the differences in enrollment motivation of undergraduates is presented. Traditional age students are seen as more responsive to external demands and establishing social relationships. Adult students are more interested in learning for its own sake. (Author/MLW)

After describing the moral development "stage" theories of Piaget and, particularly, Kohlberg, the authors critique assertions that such stages are universal and sequential. Using findings from anthropology and other disciplines, they demonstrate that morality is culture-specific and that one person can simultaneously demonstrate…

Focused on college students' expectations about marijuana. Undergraduates (N=210) expected marijuana to have sedating effects; they largely discounted psychological consequences. Students considered marijuana to be an educational issue and favored decriminalization of the drug. Users, occasional users, and nonusers differed significantly in…

Residents (N=27) of a Jewish home for the aged were given a battery of 25 tests of cognitive abilities. There were marked individual differences among participants. Poorer performance was associated with carrying a diagnosis of organic brain syndrome and with a number of other background variables. (Author)