A psychotherapy analogue study examined the effects of therapist disclosure on subject disclosure to the therapist during a first interview. Three levels of therapist disclosure, no disclosure, demographic disclosure, and personal disclosure, and two levels of therapist warmth were manipulated. Results are discussed. (Author)

Subjects indicated the extent to which they would use different helping categories in response to tape recordings of male or female stimulus persons expressing problems in angry, sad, or neutral manners. Emotion expressed proved to be a powerful determinant of indicated responses. Target sex had little effect on helping responses. (Author)

The present study hypothesized that counseling with the Goal Attainment Scaling evaluation procedures would improve the conduct of counseling. The Shostrom Personal Orientation Inventory, Children's Locus of Control Scale, a Consumer Satisfaction Questionnaire, and behavioral measures were used to assess outcome. Results were in the hypothesized…

To replicate a study purporting to show positive effects of facilitative interpersonal functioning in a conditioning paradigm, 32 subjects were verbally conditioned within an experiment designed to vary preexperiment interview, facilitative level of the experimenter, and contingency of reinforcement. The present study failed to substantiate the…

This paper analyzes singlehood as a positive choice made by adults. In-depth interviews with single men and women (N=20) reveal a complex set of experiences surrounding the decision to remain single. The growth of interpersonal support structures for singles and an emergent ideology of singlehood are identified. (Author)

The 380 upper-middle class respondents in this exploratory study are involved in Intimate Friendship (IF): otherwise traditional friendship in which sexual intimacy is considered appropriate behavior; IF appears to be an outgrowth of practicing sexually open marriage over an extended period of time. Positive and negative aspects of this practice…

Vocabulary test responses as traditionally scored were compared to these same responses when scored for finer nuances of understanding, as determined by the criterion of superior synonyms. Hypothesized the latter would be more related to age in a deficit pattern than the former. Results partly supported the hypothesis. (Author)

Effects of differential reinforcement of cautiousness upon intellectual performance in the elderly were investigated employing 56 females and 32 males. Systematically varied pre-test instruction conditions involving two levels of risk and of response omission when taking the PMA Test. Results suggest performance in intelligence tests is influenced…

Study examines the perceptions of the role of an elementary classroom teacher from the responses of administrators, parents, teachers, school board directors, and elementary education professors to a Likert-type instrument. Findings indicated that all groups of respondents differed significantly in their perceptions of the role of an elementary…

A 55-item instrument was developed to measure the attitudes of students toward professional education courses. Graduate students perceived more importance to professional education courses than undergraduates. The instrument appeared to be an effective tool to measure attitudes of prospective and in-service teachers toward professional education…

A community based study of 268 randomly selected subjects over the age of 65 provided information concerning major limitations that prevent older adults from taking advantage of existing or future educational programs. The three most prevalent were poor vision, home responsibilities, and lack of transportation. (Author)

Explores the extent to which state divorce laws have an independent effect on divorce rates. Two findings, using regression analysis, are (1) a strong relationship exists between permissiveness of divorce laws and divorce rates; (2) the relationship remains when effects of variations in economic development and social costs are controlled. (Author)

General review of research on racial relations and counseling process. It was found that black clients preferred black counselors and that race of counselor had effect on outcome while experience did not. Studies have concluded that traditional counseling processes are ineffective with black clients and recommend more action oriented approaches.…