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Wentworth, Naomi; Haith, Marshall M. – Developmental Psychology, 1992
A modified Visual Expectation Paradigm assessed the role of picture content in the spatiotemporal expectations of 80 infants. Stable picture content information facilitated formation of expectations about when and where pictures would appear. Two month olds' reactions were consistently slower than those of three month olds.(LB)
Descriptors: Expectation, Familiarity, Infant Behavior, Infants

Whitesell, Corinne B. – RE:view, 1991
An adventitiously visually impaired individual examines differences between the neurological, psychological, and educational development of persons blinded either very early in life or much later. (DB)
Descriptors: Adventitious Impairments, Blindness, Congenital Impairments, Individual Development

Bremner, J. Gavin; And Others – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1993
Reports four experiments that examined four-year olds' ability to coordinate orthogonal spatial dimensions. Found that performance was particularly good when two imagined lines of sight were the dimensions to be coordinated. Results support the notion that young children perform better when tasks are set in a meaningful context. (MM)
Descriptors: Child Development, Context Effect, Perceptual Development, Performance Factors

Melkman, Rachel; Rabinovitch, Liora – Developmental Psychology, 1998
Examined object concept development in 2- to 4-year olds with a partial replication of a study by Spelke and Kestenbaum (1986). Found that children judged identical entering and exiting figures as involving one object and different figures as involving two objects. Continuity of movement failed to affect judgments of numerical identity. Findings…
Descriptors: Motion, Object Permanence, Perceptual Development, Piagetian Theory

Rivera, Susan M.; Wakeley, Ann; Langer, Jonas – Developmental Psychology, 1999
Two experiments investigated whether 5-month olds would look longer at rotating "drawbridge" appearing to violate physical laws because they knew it was causally impossible. Findings indicated that infants' longer gaze at 180-degree rotations was due to simple perceptual preference for more motion, challenging Baillargeon's (1987) claim…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Dimensional Preference, Habituation, Infant Behavior
The Effect of Perceptual Similarity and Linguistic Input on Children's Acquisition of Object Labels.

Diesendruck, Gil; Shatz, Marilyn – Journal of Child Language, 1997
Investigated whether and when children establish various semantic relations between old and new words. Fifty 2-year olds were taught labels for objects previously referred to by an overextended term. Findings are discussed in light of theories of lexical development, particularly with regard to conceptualizations of constraints on the acquisition…
Descriptors: Language Acquisition, Linguistic Input, Linguistic Theory, Perceptual Development

Bhatt, Ramesh S.; Waters, Susan E. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1998
Three experiments examined infants' processing of three-dimensional (3D) information in static images. Results indicated that 3-month olds are sensitive to 3D cues in static images. However, discrepancies based on these cues may not engage infants' attention like those based on fundamental features. (Author)
Descriptors: Attention, Cues, Dimensional Preference, Infant Behavior

Wellman, Henry M.; Phillips, Ann T.; Rodriguez, Thomas – Child Development, 2000
Three studies investigated toddlers' judgments and communications about how desires, perceptions, and emotions connect in people's lives and minds. Findings indicated that in appropriate circumstances, young children realized that a person's perception of desirable or undesirable objects leads to related emotional experiences. Children's…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Emotional Development, Emotional Response, Perceptual Development

Chiang, Wen-Chi; Wynn, Karen – Cognition, 2000
Four experiments examined 8-month-olds' ability to reason about collections of objects. Findings suggested that infants' expectations about object behavior do not automatically apply to any and all portions of matter within the visual field. The behavior of an entity and infants' prior experience played roles in determining whether infants will…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Expectation, Infant Behavior, Infants

Maye, Jessica; Werker, Janet F.; Gerken, LouAnn – Cognition, 2002
Familiarized 6- and 8-month-olds with speech sounds from a phonetic continuum, exhibiting a bimodal or unimodal frequency distribution. Found that only infants in the bimodal condition discriminated tokens from the endpoints of the continuum. Results demonstrate that infants are sensitive to the statistical distribution of speech sounds in the…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Discrimination Learning, Infant Behavior

Rose, Susan A.; Feldman, Judith F.; Jankowski, Jeffery J.; Caro, Donna M. – Child Development, 2002
Examined developmental change and stability of visual expectation and reaction times among 5-, 7-, and 12-month-old term and preterm infants. Found that reaction times declined with age while anticipations increased. Infants with faster reaction times were more likely to anticipate upcoming events; this effect disappeared when time between stimuli…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Attention, Cognitive Processes, Infants

Patterson, Michelle L.; Werker, Janet F. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2002
Tested in six experiments young infants' sensitivity to vowel and gender information in faces and voices. Found that 4.5-month-olds showed no evidence of matching face and voice based on gender, but were able to ignore irrelevant gender information and match based on the vowel. Robust evidence of ability to match based on gender was not evident…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Infant Behavior, Infants

Bhatt, Ramesh S.; Bertin, Evelin – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2001
Two experiments examined whether infants are sensitive to holistic combinations of line junctions in 2-D images that adults use to derive overall 3-D structure. Results suggested that 3-month-olds are sensitive to holistic combinations of line junctions that adults use to derive 3-D information but also selectively attend to these 3-D cues in…
Descriptors: Attention, Cognitive Processes, Cues, Habituation

Newman, Christopher; Atkinson, Janette; Braddick, Oliver – Developmental Psychology, 2001
Recorded reaching and looking preferences and movement kinematics among 5- to 15-month-olds divided into 3 age groups. Found that 5- to 12-month-olds preferred looking first at a large object; 8.5- to 12-month-olds showed preference for reaching to smaller (graspable) objects. Kinematic measures suggested that onset of object-oriented action…
Descriptors: Behavior Patterns, Infant Behavior, Infants, Motion

Kahana-Kalman, Ronit; Walker-Andrews, Arlene S. – Child Development, 2001
Investigated the role of person familiarity in 3.5-month-olds' ability to recognize emotional expressions. Found that when more contextual information such as person familiarity was available, infants as young as 3.5 months recognized happy and sad expressions. Findings suggest that in early stages, infants are sensitive to contextual information…
Descriptors: Emotional Experience, Emotional Response, Facial Expressions, Familiarity