This study examined the relationship between hope as disposition, adaptation to old age, and individual-demographic factors. One hundred and fifty older adults, aged 60-93 years old, completed the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale developed by Snyder et AL. [1991, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, pp. 570-585], and the Adaptation to…

This article discusses an approach to teacher belief systems which casts an eye away from cognitive constructs toward sociological constructs to complement existing ideas about the nature and genesis of beliefs. I offer some theoretical ideas for extending the notion of beliefs and describe two contrasting senior mathematics teachers,…

Although economically disadvantaged and minority students made some gains in their academic achievement performance, education reforms still fail to close the academic achievement gap between them. A discussion of the factors that influence the achievement gap is presented and provides some professional development implications. According to the…

This paper explores the relationship between the gender schema and sex typing. Drawing on previous research and personal experience, the suggestion is made that the two are distinct and separate, not necessarily co-occurring. It is further suggested that it is possible to activate the gender schema situationally. This will affect women of…

Noting that humans do not deal very well with differences despite thousands of years of practice, this paper argues that dealing with differences is an ethical issue for the 21st century to which speech communication departments must respond. The first part of the paper follows R. Johannesen's recommendation that ethical issues, particularly…

Learning style is a factor researchers claim influences student educational performance. This article summarizes information about student learning styles. The idea of learning styles is based on the theory that there are different methods of gathering, organizing, and evaluating information. Research has not produced conclusive evidence about…

The primary goal of this discussion is to summarize research on the role of expertise in accounting for individual differences in analogical problem solving among college students. The discussion also relates expertise differences to current theorizing in the developmental literature that concerns analogical reasoning in children. Contents focus…

Parent training has been successfully used in the treatment of a wide variety of childhood disorders, but interpretation of the literature has been plagued by the large number of families who discontinue treatment prematurely. To compare parents who discontinued treatment with those who completed parent training, 39 families with externalizing…

Results support the general conclusion that the disposition to respond in either a reflective or impulsive fashion influences the problem-solving efficiency and strategy behavior of elementary school children. The relative impact of cognitive style on problem solving varied with developmental level and the type of problem solved. (Author/BJG)

Investigates whether apostate students would be more likely than religious believers to express radical ideology in an open ended, free response questionnaire context. (Author/DEP)

A comparative analysis is made of the social characteristics of Vietnam veterans and World War II veterans. By use of the Interpersonal Style Inventory, the results showed that the Vietnam veterans were more rebellious, radical, and expedient than older veterans. (DEP)

The activity level of preschool boys relative to preschool girls was observed to find whether a sex-linked pattern of hyperactivity is observable in the general population. Boys were found to be more active than girls, with patterns similar to those included in definitions of hyperactivity. (GO)

The theory of work adjustment is extended to include description of the work adjustment process in terms of the concepts of work personality style and work environment style. The work personality style dimensions are described conceptually, and examples of data for their assessment are given. (Author)

Interrelationships between patterns of drug abuse and personality and motivation were determined for male and female subjects. Significant sex differences were found with respect to drug behavior. Females used amphetamines more frequently than males and also showed greater multiple drug use. (Author)

A content analysis system was developed to examine the frequency of themes for 359 secrets obtained through an encounter group exercise. Sex-related secrets occurred most often, followed by failure-related secrets. Secrets relating to sex, mental health, and violence or destruction were perceived as the most risky statements. (Author)