Presents two case studies of learners attempting to understand the concept of normal distribution, specifically why physical phenomena such as height fall into normal distributions. Draws conclusions about a Connected Mathematics learning environment that enables confrontation with epistemological anxiety and the features of modeling languages…

Describes a study that investigated probabilistic intuitions held by students (N=98) from grade 7 through college through the use of a questionnaire. Of the misconceptions that were investigated, availability was the only one that was stable across age groups. Contains 20 references. (DDR)

Explains a proposed block of instruction that would give students in industrial engineering, operations research, systems engineering, and applied mathematics the basic understanding required to begin more advanced courses in simulation theory or applications. (DDR)

Several classroom demonstrations are described that have sparked student involvement in undergraduate courses in probability and statistics. These demonstrations involve experimentation using exams and statistical analysis and adjustment of exam scores. (Author/SLD)

Presented are two examples of real-life examples that can be used to promote or exemplify concepts of probability and statistics. Details of the calculation of these probabilities are given. (CW)

Investigated are three misconceptions of probability and the differential effect of two activity-based instructional units. Response categories (law of averages, law of small numbers, and availability) are identified. Treatment differences (evaluation or no evaluation) appear to influence subjects' interpretations of the information. (YP)

Reports findings of a small-scale study on middle school students' use of interactive videodisc. Types of learning activities in which the ability-grouped pupils engaged are identified, the proportion of time spent on each activity is shown, and the dynamics of group process are discussed. (eight references) (Author/LRW)

Presents young children's concepts related to probability grouped by definite, possible, and definitely not. Discusses the teaching methods of the probability concepts. (YP)

This study, based on a national probability sample of 15- to 19-year-old women, showed that adolescent women raised by a single parent were more likely to have nonmarital sexual intercourse than were young women from intact marriages. However, this effect was diminished by controlling for age and race, social class, and religion. (TE)

Two experiments, with 300 adult women as subjects, studied the effects of laboratory training on the use of the Conjunction Rule, a principle of probability that is often violated. Learning alternative strategies enabled trained subjects to use extensional reasoning rather than intensional heuristics. (SLD)

Effects of immediate and delayed feedback on learning were studied in 2 experiments involving 120 undergraduate students. Subjects answered 90 general information multiple-choice items on 2 different occasions 1 week apart. Subjects rated their confidence in their responses. Results provide support for the Kulhavy and Stock model and the…

Discusses an experiment for elementary students based on the principle that the faster an object is moving when it is dropped, the greater the distance it will travel away from the drop point. Also discusses concepts of probability and statistics in the experiment and methods of alternative assessment. (Author/MKR)

Previous work on the mathematical and implementation details of the marginalized maximum likelihood estimation procedure is extended to encompass the marginalized Bayesian procedure for estimating item parameters of R. J. Mislevy (1986) and to communicate this procedure to users of the BILOG computer program. (SLD)

Describes a problem formulated by fourth-grade students about having more pizza for lunch, and the clarifying, predicting, modeling, simulating, comparing, and extending activities that occurred in addressing the problem from a probabilistic perspective. (MKR)

Describes generativity theory based on the probabilities of many behaviors that are in competition and considers its effect on creativity. Topics discussed include previous and current generativity research, including behavior charts and frequency profiles; computer simulations; skills that improve generative processes; and creativity training in…