While costs are increasing and revenues from endowment earnings and gifts decreasing, private and public institutions are being forced to cut spending. The author outlines a national program of competitive fellowship awards designed to help meet these problems and to sustain the quality of higher education. (Editor/JT)

Examines the current economic climate in the United States and discusses the likely impact on the financial status of state and local governments in general and public schools in particular. (JG)

Author discusses accountability controversy concerning effectiveness of social services. Turem's mechanistic and Gruber's organic models of accountability are compared and an alternate open system model of organization is offered which combines positive aspects of Turem's and Gruber's models as well as adds other constructive elements to them. (SE)

Practitioners and theorists have given attention recently to the role and status of research activities in Canadian university continuing education units. For individuals in units that are increasing the proportion of their organizational activities devoted to research, there will be an ongoing process of cognitive change and development as a new…

Industrial objectives, if they are employee oriented, produce feedback, and the motivation derived from the feedback helps reduce turnover. Feedback is the power to clarify objectives, to stimulate communication, and to motivate people. (Author/MW)

The author examines how although school board governments lack formal mechanisms for channeling conflict, they compensate with an informal mechanism known as receptivity. Competitive elections are an institutional mechanism that support this receptivity. (DE)

Since many institutions have functioned as "paternocratic" systems, they cannot be expected to assume unfamiliar democratic-participative modes of functioning without guidance; this can be provided by a consultant or consultant team. The author offers 12 approaches to organizational change, discusses staff development, and outlines necessary…

Companies should take a hard look at the effect its policies and goals and the morality of its operations may be having on its most valuable asset, the company executive. (Author)

The report on a U. S. Civil Service Commission study of disincentives to effective training offers a summary of the disincentives process, a training climate check list, and practical suggestions for minimizing impediments. (MW)

To investigate the current attitudes of Mississippi public school teachers toward the use of militant, collective actions, 600 randomly selected elementary and secondary teachers were asked to complete the Teacher's Attitude Scale and a demographic data sheet. A total of 450 responses were received, representing a 75 percent return rate. The…

Iceland is one of the six nations of Western Europe which are the last remnants of what was once the most powerful free trading association in the world: the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). EFTA was established in 1959 to foster free trade in industrial goods and to increase trade in agricultural and other products. In addition to the…

These papers present the major issues and directions in five areas: (1) the socioeconomic and demographic environment (demography, the economies and labor forces of Canada and of Ontario, and the international and social environments); (2) education (K-12, postsecondary, adult, and the educational media resource market); (3) the broadcast…

A study developed and tested a communication and physical environment scale (CAPES) that consisted of items formulated from previous theoretical and empirical research. Subjects, 52 workers in a warehouse and its offices, completed questionnaires about information dissemination in their organization, the quality of organizational relationships,…

A survey of Oregon school administrators explored the relationships among demographic characteristics, school building and school district constraints, and leadership impact. Methodology involved a mailed survey of 420 administrators, which yielded 319 responses, or a 70 percent response rate, and in-depth personal interviews with 144 respondents.…

Three main traditions in teacher socialization research (functionalist, interpretive, and critical) are discussed in relation to studies of occupational socialization. The analysis of the teacher socialization literature which follows examines influences on teacher socialization prior to, during, and after completion of a preservice teacher…