Suggests that in the absence of a tighter labor market, the high proportion of blacks and other minority group members or women cannot substantially improve their economic situation. The surest reinforcing agency for existing inequalities and discrimination is a continuing loose labor market. (Author/AM)

As the reward-and-punish psychology of leadership becomes less effective and the problems besetting educational institutions mount, professional educators have exciting opportunities to engage in more democratic, effective, and rewarding leadership. Specific suggestions are made on what leaders can do to bring about more spirited leadership.…

The authors conducted a study using student teachers in secondary schools to assess the impact of the organization and climate of secondary schools on the teaching of controversial social and political issues. They conclude that there is an atmosphere of censorship in the schools. (KC)

Focuses on the history and objectives of international cooperation in Western Europe since World War II and assesses the extent to which cooperation has contributed to the peace and prosperity of European nations. Problems discussed include political and economic miscalculations of government leaders. (DB)

Lower-middle-level managers participated in workshops in which democratization of the learning process itself was essential to the discovery of the features of adaptive human organization. This led to changing working arrangements from individual-task relationships to that of a group of employees responsible for a set of tasks. (Author/MLF)

Methods are described for an initial survey of trampling pressure and soil compaction, and their effects on both the soil environment and the plant community structure. (Author/BB)

Characterizes influences of the economic and political climate on universities and students in western Europe. As a result of university budget cuts, unemployment among educated youth, and increases in the cost of living, university students are experiencing a sense of uselessness, lost status, and confused identity. (Author/DB)

The focus of this paper is on the delineation of three popular reform measures: decentralization, citizen participation, and community control and assessment of recent efforts to implement these. It develops a model that realistically combines decentralization with community decision making. (Author/AM)

Argues that agriculture production in developing nations should be organized to ensure economic viability. Government policy must emphasize participants' productive capacities and integrate agricultural workers into the new organization of production. (Author/DB)

This case study of organizational change, with transition guidelines, describes how an organization development consultant helped surplus line managers to adjust to reassignments when company retrenchment caused reductions in the number of production workers. (MF)

The author contrasts two experiences (one successful, one unsuccessful) that he, as a consultant, had in implementing organizational development programs in two settings: a federal agency and a community college. Briefly discusses factors for consultants to consider when making decisions about which kinds of organizational development assignments…

This second of two articles on the physical environment of a training room discusses equipping a meeting room. It covers light fixtures, audio and speaker systems, heating and ventilation, and visual projection units. (EM)

A model for implementing a Management by Objectives (MBO) system in the academic environment is presented and potential problems are explored. Some of the pitfalls discussed include: organizational climate, clarity of objectives, assumption that MBO concepts are readily understood, instant success syndrome, and economic reward myopia. (JMD)

Records the economic history of the United States from 1947 to 1977, stressing the continuous increase in production and rise in living standards which have resulted from increased expenditures, technological change, and improved training and management. Intergroup inequalities are compared and future directions of economic growth are suggested.…