Using the case history method, this book documents the actual experiences of three top management groups seeking to develop the full potential of the technical and human resources of their organizations and to grow profitably in both economic and human terms. Each of the organizations is at some stage of the process of changing from the…

Current practices of planning-programing-budgeting systems in educational organizations have been criticized because they impose objectives, emphasize hierarchical control, and foster unproductive climates. A new method, organizational development, makes effective use of human behavior and when used with PPBS could provide an efficient system for…

Students are clients of the educational system, but traditionally have had little voice in decisionmaking about the services they receive. Students are now demanding greater involvement, and administrators have tried a number of programs designed for student participation, generally with success. Some examples of successful programs are (1)…

This paper traces the concept of complexity as it has been employed in empirical investigations of organizations over the last decade, presents a brief description of a doctoral dissertation in which complexity was one of the key variables, and then offers some summary comments on the utility of the complexity variable for school analysis. (Author)

The school is viewed as a social system, composed of human beings interlocked in a network of social relationships and possessing a system of shared orientations which serve as standards for human behavior. Two related concepts are discussed: (1) pupil control ideology, conceptualized along a continuum ranging from "custodialism" to "humanism;"…

A potential solution to a part of the philosophical and methodological problems of defining nonbureaucratic and alternative organization models is the suggestion that a clear, definitional distinction be made between nonbureaucratic models (which are developed using bureaucratic-related variables) and alternative models (which are developed using…

Empirical research shows that neither leadership training nor experience increases organizational performance. These disappointing results can be explained by the Contingency Model. This theory postulates that task motivated low esteem for the Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) leaders perform best in very favorable and unfavorable situations while…

A full solution of the employment problems of countries in the stage of development now existing in Greece, to a great extent depends upon the possibilities of achieving the accumulation of capital necessary for the establishment of new industries and other investment. It is important for Greece to promote economic progress in the different…

This bulletin briefly traces the development of wage statistics in nonfarm employments in the United States, focusing mainly on the work of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The formative period of wage statistics was the final quarter of the nineteenth century, although some information was assembled and systematic insight into the behavior of…

This review surveys documents and journal articles previously announced in RIE and CIJE that deal with climate control, integrated thermal and luminous systems, total energy systems, and current trends in school air conditioning. The literature cited indicates that selection of thermal systems must take into account longterm operating costs in…

Since evaluations have shown that organizational development is a plausible and useful vehicle for improving school climate, it needs to be extended in various ways, including (1) further scientific study of organizational development in schools; (2) more research into the processes and effects of organizational development training; and (3)…

Social and technological changes have brought about the need for educational changes. One of the more pressing changes needed directs that principals focus on management -- the process of active and creative leadership -- rather than on administration -- the application of predetermined policies and procedures. The role of manager implies a human…

An overview of the level and distribution of income for a sample of Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs) during the period 1959-1969, using data on pretax pretransfer incomes published by the Internal Revenue Service, is presented in this paper. Several results are described. (1) The level and distribution of income vary widely among…

In order to determine how classified employees at Los Angeles City College felt about their jobs, a 15-item questionnaire was distributed to 325 classified employees. Responses were analyzed according to five functional subgroups of employees. Attitude "quotients" were obtained by dividing the percentage of generally positive responses…

This study examined the organizational climate and pupil control ideology as perceived by teachers along with the self-esteem and power dimensions of the students' self-concept as perceived by students. The major thrust of the research was to look for the relationships that existed between these major constructs. A sample of 29 teachers and 779…