Troop ideology as defined by the scoutmaster and other involved adults radically altered the learning experiences of boys in two Boy Scout troops, even though both adhered to the official program. Using observation and interviews, researchers studied all aspects of the troops over 7 months. One troop, whose scoutmaster was benevolent and…

Participatory management (PM) is discussed in this step-by-step guide that shows how PM can be made to work effectively on a daily basis in academe. Suggestions are offered for helping higher education administrators consult efficiently with representatives of campus groups--faculty, other administrators, advisory board members, policy council…

This early childhood curriculum study focused on the practical understandings that teachers held about their classroom experiences, as a way of gaining access to the dynamics of curriculum implementation and innovation. Two problems were addressed: (1) the lack of knowledge about the dynamics of curriculum implementation in settings where early…

This module is designed to help prospective school counselors expand their understanding of group process, examine their own attitudes and behaviors in groups, and learn components for facilitating small group process with self/career development themes. The module begins with a short review of research on effective counselors and a brief…

In English as a second language/English as a foreign language classrooms where teacher-fronted instruction is still the norm, small group work tends to be avoided because conversational activities among nonnative speakers are generally thought to be of little use. The validity of small-group work among nonnative speakers is defended with both…

This guide is intended to acquaint literacy tutors with the techniques of tutoring small groups of learners enrolled in a basic reading program. The first chapter compares one-on-one and small group instruction. Chapter 2 covers the following aspects of organizing a group: interviewing; adding people to established groups; and confirming the first…

A traveling seminar and support program offered to beginning vocational education teachers by the University of Wyoming's Department of Vocational Education was successful in combating rural isolation and the absence of inservice training opportunities. Teachers shared problems and observed new instructional techniques during weekend meetings held…

This paper discusses the results of a study of the relationships between teacher behaviour and the level of play engagement in two- and three-year-old children in Dutch childcare centres. We found that the continuous proximity of the teacher had the greatest impact on the level of play engagement, while the teacher's walking around and only brief…

The mental health intervention process, which entails the 12 essential services to be offered by community mental health centers, is studied as an interactive process involving: (1) the cultural foundations within which mental health and illness are defined; (2) the range of cultural variability of Mexican American service recipients and their…

This annotated bibliography focuses on the sociological study of the educational process. Topics covered include: (1) classroom interaction; (2) the social organization and structure of schools and the larger society; (3) the socialization of students and teachers; (4) communication strategies and structures; (5) expectancy effects; (6) the…

Offering a contribution to additional clarity in the debate about the viability of "rural development" as an explanatory concept and program of action, the paper presents details of a causal model which underlies the approach to rural development taken by a W. K. Kellogg Foundation supported program in eastern Washington called "The…

One of a series of pre-apprenticeship training modules, this self-paced student training module deals with group problem solving, goal setting, and decision making. Included in the module are the following: cover sheet listing module title, goals, and performance indicators; introduction; cover sheet/study guide with directions for module…

This report is based on the results of a field experiment in three racially integrated elementary schools. The study reports that groupwork is an effective strategy to produce equal status behavior among racial groups of different socioeconomic background and different levels of academic skills. It also reports that small groups are of critical…

Urban Bound was begun in 1967 as an experimental two-phase program to help delinquent boys develop self-confidence and channel their energies appropriately. Phase one, a 21-day mountain program, was designed to build youth-group and youth-instructor relationships, develop self-confidence, provide an acceptable male image, promote communication,…

A project is described that was undertaken by the Developmental Studies Department at Wayne Community College (Michigan), an urban multi-campus institution of 25,000 students serving an entire county involving research in the psychology of the new adult learner. The approach used was to systematically build a classroom environment that responded…