Examined whether toddlers would use information presented through video to solve a retrieval problem. Found that 2.5-year-olds were very successful at finding a hidden toy based on viewing a televised hiding event, but 2-year-olds were not. Substantially better performance was achieved by other 2-year-olds who either watched or believed they were…

Investigated visual word recognition of first- through fifth-graders. Found that the "viewing position effect" typically seen in skilled readers and visual field asymmetries in recognizing individual letters in words emerged early at the end of the first year of reading instruction. Noted that findings support the view that basic reading…

Three experiments with preschoolers tested the independence of the current state buffer from working memory. Findings indicated that when a teddy bear was an object put away with other toys, only half the preschoolers remembered its location despite explicit instructions. When the teddy was a character interacting with children, all remembered its…

Discussion of new digital information technologies highlights issues of concern for women. Topics include the non-neutrality of digital technology; social and cultural effects of digital technology; gender and technology; barriers to women's performance in mathematics, science, and technology; and computer-mediated communication. (Contains 41…

Explores four aspects of the economic analysis of education. First is changing the concern with observed performance and student outcomes, and second is the potential for experimentation to add to knowledge. Other concerns addressed include the study of the incentive structure in schools and the tendency of analysis to be linked with expectations.…

The effects of resident behavior and resident characteristics on the quantity and quality of care 452 residents with severe mental retardation received from 416 direct-care staff was examined. Results found certain resident characteristics, and behavior did influence specific aspects of the care they received, especially ambulance, communication,…

The literature of user-oriented performance measures was examined to develop performance measures for New South Wales Technical and Further Education libraries. The accountability and strategic planning nexus for the vocational education and training sector is considered in a framework of four approaches to performance measures: user perspective,…

Focuses on the relationship between racial identity and academic achievement for African American college students. Results with 248 students suggest that racial centrality moderates the relationship between the two so that assimilation and nationalist ideologies are negatively associated with grade point average (GPA) and a minority ideology is…

This article reviews literature on normal and impaired spelling development, and discusses the influence of consonant clusters, phonetic influences, and the role of letter names. Research that underscores the importance of fine-grained linguistic analyses of spelling performance is described. It is concluded that such an approach holds promise.…

Assessed word-learning skills of 19 deaf/hard-of-hearing preschoolers either with novel mapping strategy to learn new words, or after minimal exposure when reference was explicitly established. Found that 11 children were able to learn words in both contexts, 5 only in the second, and 2 in neither. The latter 7 children eventually were able to…

This article discusses four aspects of assessing children with disabilities: factors that influence assessments (the instruments, environment, examiner, and the child), transactions that occur between the client and caregiver, establishing rapport, and some teaching strategies that are based on a child's learning style. A case study is presented.…

Examined visual attention and implications for recognition memory in a longitudinal sample of full-term and preterm infants at 5, 7, and 12 months. Found differences between full-terms and preterms in several aspects of visual attention. Infants showed consistent attentional styles over various conditions. Shorter looks and higher shift rates…

Examined the emergence of theory-motivated reasoning biases when early and middle adolescents evaluated evidence either congruent or incongruent to their theories of social class or religion. Found that higher order scientific reasoning was used to reject theory-incongruent evidence; judgmental heuristics were used to evaluate theory-congruent…

Integrative motivation was found to correlate significantly with American Sign Language (ASL) proficiency for 115 hearing faculty and staff at a postsecondary program for deaf students. Instrumental motives, however, were perceived as less important. Higher achievement in ASL was also associated with a positive cultural attitude toward deaf…

Explores implications for evaluation practice of using five different perspectives on organizations, drawing on the four models of social program implementation developed by R. F. Elmore (1978). It is argued that evaluation will only really be effective when its focus, methods, and management reflect realistic assumptions about how organizations…