Optometric disorders are likely to increase the difficulties experienced by an individual who is struggling to read. There are some reports of a higher incidence of visual abnormalities in children with dyslexia, but there has been little investigation into adults. We therefore investigated the optometric status of a population comprising children…

Visual information is crucial for postural control. Visual processing in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was hypothesized to be less efficient and thus they would display a less stable standing posture than typically developing children. The present study compared the static standing responses and attentional demands of 15 children…

We provide a meta-analytic review of all group-comparison studies that used reading-level match design, were conducted in highly consistent European orthographies, included children with dyslexia younger than 13 years of age as participants, and included measures of one or more of the potential causes of dyslexia. We identified 21 studies meeting…

Purpose: Normal-hearing (NH) children acquire plural morphemes at different rates, with the segmental allomorphs /-s, -z/ (e.g., cat-s) being acquired before the syllabic allomorph /-[schwa]z/ (e.g., bus-es). Children with hearing loss (HL) have been reported to show delays in the production of plural morphology, raising the possibility that this…

Music production and muscle movement are so interconnected that to begin the process of creating music, it is essential to consider the physicality behind the auditory perceptions. Playing-related injuries can arise from improper practice and failure to understand the physical movements underlying the music, and students and professional musicians…

Mathematical giftedness (MG) is an intriguing phenomenon, the nature of which has yet to be sufficiently explored. This study goes a step further in understanding how MG is related to expertise in mathematics (EM) and general giftedness (G). Cognitive testing was conducted among 197 high school students with different levels of G and of EM. Based…

The effectiveness of a leadership team is central to the overall effectiveness of the school. Leadership teams that collectively attend to actualizing instructional goals, building relationships and developing the culture of the school often find success in their efforts (Leithwood et al., 2020). However, some leadership teams struggle to develop…

Anxiety adversely impacts boys' and girls' mental health. We assessed agreement on student anxiousness in 390 student and teacher reports from first to 10th grade. Of 67 self-reported anxious students, 56 (83.6%) were unrecognized by the teacher. Next, we explored classroom-related characteristics of anxious and unseen students in logistic…

The Education Endowment Foundation (EEF) commissioned CooperGibson Research (CGR) to conduct a mapping exercise to identify the availability and thematic focus of professional development and support programmes used by early years settings in England. This research aimed to support EEF's decisions around funding programme evaluations and identify…

It has been demonstrated that children with specific language impairment (SLI) show difficulties not only with auditory but also with audiovisual speech perception. The goal of this study was to assess whether children with SLI might show reduced attention to the talker's mouth compared to their typically developing (TD) peers. An additional aim…

Purpose: Unexpected and sustained manipulations of auditory feedback during speech production result in "reflexive" and "adaptive" responses, which can shed light on feedback and feedforward auditory-motor control processes, respectively. Persons with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) have shown aberrant reflexive and adaptive…

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of timbral instructions on pitch and timbre production. High school (n = 28) and collegiate (n = 28) trumpeters played sustained tones at two octave levels (written C4 and C5) following three types of timbral instructions (dark-timbre, bright-timbre, or neutral instructions). Presentation orders…

Visual perspective-taking is the ability to perceive the world from another person's perspective, and research on visual perspective-taking ability in children with autism spectrum conditions yielded inconsistent results. To solve a visual perspective-taking task, people can mentally rotate themselves to another person's location (embodied…

Background: Efficient word identification is directly tied to strong mental representations of words, which include spellings, meanings and pronunciations. Orthographic learning is the process by which spellings for individual words are acquired. Methods: In the present study, we combined the classic self-teaching paradigm with eye tracking to…

Discrimination of sensory signals is essential for an organism to form and retrieve memories of relevance in a given behavioral context. Sensory representations are modified dynamically by changes in behavioral state, facilitating context-dependent selection of behavior, through signals carried by noradrenergic input in mammals, or octopamine (OA)…