The research examines the structural and spatial features of Pennsylvania nonmetropolitan places with net outmigration, 1940-60, and net inmigration, 1960-70, in comparison with Pennsylvania nonmetropolitan places with net outmigration, 1940-70. A one-way analysis of variance and step-wise discriminant function analysis were used. (Author/NQ)

The potential for population dispersal was evaluated. The study invoked such conditions as interest in living in a small town that is a 30-minute drive and one that is at least 1-hour drive from a large city, a 10 percent loss of family income, and whether or not the individual is a likely migrant. (Author/NQ)

Twenty-nine child/caregiver pairs were observed in a public park without adults' knowledge. Interdependence of children's exploration and ability to walk, effect of age on frequency and length of explorations, and time spent by children of different ages in the vicinity of their caregivers are discussed. (Author/RH)

Examines how physical proximity between teachers and students differs between classroom and computer lab environments. Finds that teachers either worked at intimate (up to 1.5 feet) or personal (1.5 to 4 feet) distances with students or, except rarely, did not approach closer than 12 feet or did not interact at all. (SR)

Examines research on the observed values of retrieval effectiveness obtained in searches of files of nearest neighbor document clusters. Results show interdocument similarities used to generate nearest-neighbor clusters are significantly different from randomly generated clusters. (Contains 14 references.) (EAM)

Explains the use of proximity operators as a search technique in online searching, especially in large full-text databases. Differences in proximity operators on various online systems are discussed and future possibilities are considered. (LRW)

Examined in 4 experiments 3- and 4-year-olds' ability to communicate about containment and proximity relations. Found that when describing where a toy mouse was hidden, children were more likely to successfully disambiguate a small landmark when it was in, rather than next to, the large landmark. Three-year-olds initiated searches faster when the…

The authors provide an explanation of urban sprawl using topics commonly taught in the principles of economics course. Specifically, employing the concepts of congestible public goods, they explain that underpriced road usage leads to an inefficiently large proportion of the population moving farther from the cities. Increased demand for highway…

This study is an exploration of the measurement and correlates of childhood traumatic grief (CTG). Eighty-three children of uniformed service personnel who died during the World Trade Center attack on September 11, 2001, were assessed using measures of demographic characteristics, trauma exposure (physical proximity, emotional proximity, and…

As the number of Mexican American elders increases, their care becomes pressing. We sampled filial responsibility expectations of Mexican American college students to expand culture specific knowledge and found physical proximity to elders an important expectation. However, although some respondents adhere closely to the traditional Mexican value…

Developmental studies of face processing have revealed age-related changes in how infants allocate neurophysiological resources to the face of a caregiver and an unfamiliar adult. We hypothesize that developmental changes in how infants interact with their caregiver are related to the changes in brain response. We studied 6-month-olds because this…

"Key Facts about Higher Education in Washington" provides vital data to chart higher education's progress and challenges. First published in 2002 by the Washington Higher Education Coordinating Board, this annual report highlights "Key Facts" about Washington's postsecondary institutions--including faculty, students, budgets,…

Due to the difficulties inherent in staffing rural schools it is increasingly common for early career teachers (ECTs) to experience school leadership roles. Such opportunities include a range of responsibilities such as establishing school and curriculum direction and providing leadership in pedagogy, assessment, and school-community relations.…

Since attraction and close proxemic distances have been found to be associated throughout the study of nonverbal communication, a study was conducted that hypothesized that attraction would be a more important predictor of seat selection than any other variables. Subjects included students enrolled in introductory speech communication classes who…

Nonverbal communication, which includes proxemics, or the study of an individual's use of space, plays a major role in communication relationships. Culture, gender, and status can all influence one's use of personal space. This study was designed to investigate the physiological effects (heart rate and galvanic skin response) of the invasion of a…