In searching for a concept of organization which recognizes its base in human action rather than in objective structure, the author draws on a European tradition stemming from the works of Max Weber. This tradition, combined with examples of organizational life in schools, serves to identify implications for those who attempt to design better…

The paper discusses the quality of working life (QWL) from the point of view of the individual worker as it is examined and reported in the literature from 1957 to 1972. The research for that time is characterized by large-scale, static investigations and shows increasing concern for the dignity of the individual. It was concluded that past…

The document is a versatile publication providing an outdoor education aid for teaching elementary (beginning with grade 4), high school, and college students. The process is one of learning by doing; i.e., the students construct their own instruments for field studies. The book presents over 100 ideas in an easy-to-follow, easy-to-use format.…

This study investigated relationships between work unit performance, employee attitudes, and situational characteristics among 411 female clerical workers in 37 branch banks. The work units were characterized by spatial separation and performance of similar functions. Two independent dimensions of performance were empirically identified and their…

This report is part of a case study of the organization and administration of family planning in information, education and communication programs in the Philippines and Malaysia. The study focused on the communication behavior and role perceptions of administrators, who must disseminate information and make decisions within their communication…

This paper focuses on the principal's role in developing an improved or humane school environment for learning. It explores the thesis that the principal can be an effective and dynamic climate leader for change, but that he works within a participative process that involves all those who are part of the school environment and some who are not.…

This report reviews the literature on cost-benefit analysis of retraining and discusses possible approaches to conducting such an analysis. Exemplary programs in Sweden and the United States are described. Despite the existence of externalities which preclude exact calculation of costs and benefits, the report concludes that retraining is…

The features of an organization are examined in order to understand it and the way it affects information flow. The basic premise is that a typical organization fosters two opposing conditions--condition of stability and orderliness in order to protect its functioning and internal relationships; and a condition stimulating creativity and…

In a multiunit school, teachers are organized into relatively autonomous groups. Each group has a unit leader responsible for management and coordination of unit activities, who serves as a linkage to the principal. Decisionmaking functions and the influence system are lodged in the group, thus diffusing what would be the principal's authority in…

The objective of this research was to determine the relationships between organizational climate and innovativeness. Investigators used the Organizational Climate Descriptive Questionnaire to determine the organizational climate for 24 Ohio school districts. An open climate is defined as one in which there is attention to both task achievement and…

The educational specifications of facilities for rural Alaskan schools are given in this 1964 report. Alaska's 6 recognized geographic regions are briefly described with consideration to topography, climate, permafrost conditions, latitude position, and transportation difficulties which present problems in planning schools. Since the school design…

Management style is a major factor in the successful accomplishment of the many tasks required of an educational administrator. An administrator's leadership style develops in proportion to his adaptation to organizational structure, his personality and value system, his concept of personal success, experiences both in and out of his managerial…

In this paper, the authors describe (1) the role of the organizational specialist in trying to establish and maintain vertical and horizontal lines of communication in organizations; (2) two case studies of organizational development (Kent and Eugene); (3) the values of creativity, work, and sharing that guide the authors; (4) the general systems…

A study was conducted at St. Petersburg Junior College (Florida) to determine the level of congruency of current perceptions and future expectations regarding organizational climate, of faculty, professional career personnel, and upper-level supervisors. Also surveyed were first-level supervisors' beliefs of their subordinates' perceptions of…

Past and current trends in the growth of families with two workers or more are examined in this article. It discusses such subjects as influence of trends in fertility on the growth of these families, the relation between husbands' and wives' occupations, and some of the impact of the recession and inflation on these families. Tables and…