The five chapters of this book discuss children's development and learning. Chapter 1, by Barbara Z. Presseisen, raises fundamental questions about schooling and learning. Chapter 2, by Robert J. Sternberg, presents a theory of intellectual styles and discusses its relevance for education. The theory concerns the ways in which people use their…

Strategies are delineated for solving elementary school classroom problems. After an introductory chapter, chapter 2 reviews problems cited by 24 kindergarten, Grade 1, and Grade 2 teachers and the strategies chosen as likely solutions to the problems. Strategies later found to be unsuccessful are discussed if they illustrate the nature of the…

This study examined the effects of feedback (immediate, delayed, or no feedback) and the type of control (external or internal) on computer-assisted instruction (CAI), and also considered the influence on achievement of such factors as computer anxiety, self-concept, learning style, and gender. Subjects were 336 undergraduates, the majority of…

The papers presented at this conference review current research on effective educational practices for low-achieving students and identify those that might be applied to programs funded under Chapter 1 of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act of 1981. A function assumed by several conference participants was to act as reactor to papers…

An overview is presented of classroom observation instruments which have been created and refined since 1962. The components of teacher-pupil transactions measured by different observation methods are listed, and the complexities and difficulties encountered when using the instruments are discussed. A description is given of the Coping Analysis…

An inservice workshop program for elementary school teachers in Israel helps them in coping with students of diverse ethnic and economic backgrounds. Program topics include discussion of: individual differences, pluralistic views of education, tests and measurement methodology, and new instructional strategies. Emphasis is placed on values…

A followup study was made of a previous investigation of the learning and teaching style of preservice elementary school teachers. In the original study, 20 female education majors were given the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test to determine individual dominant personality types. The portable Rod and Frame Test, the Group Embedded Figures…

Past research and experience have documented considerable variation in what is learned and applied in staff inservice efforts, even for participants in the same workshop. For a study which set out to explain such variation, pre- and post-workshop questionnaires were completed by 349 staff (three-fourths of whom were teachers) who participated in…

After an introduction which briefly discusses emotional, therapeutic, phenomenological, cognitive, and developmental perspectives on play, this volume presents the complete texts of all the main lectures and a few short papers that were given at the International Symposium on Play, Play Therapy, and Play Research. Papers in part 1 concern certain…

Previous studies of test item bias have investigated how different groups of examinees perform differently on a given set of items. These studies imply that examinees should be treated in a certain way because they are of a particular sex or race rather than as individuals in their own right, but it is unrealistic and unfair to assume such an…

This module provides guidelines for constructing appropriate day care center environments for school-age children 6 through 12 years of age. One of a series of staff development modules for child caregivers working in military child care centers, the document is divided into two parts. The first part indicates some ways environments affect…

For the individual, gender difference falls along the feminine-masculine continuum with strong neurodevelopmental influences at various points throughout the lifespan. Neurodevelopmental influences are conceptualized in a vector model of sex difference. Vector attributes, direction and magnitude, are influenced initially by differences in levels…

This document contains 12 position statements of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. The statements affirm positions on basic skills, mathematics and bilingual/bicultural education, class size, guidance and counseling for secondary-school counselors and mathematics teachers, involvement of and pressures on classroom teachers,…

The four main approaches to measuring treatment effects in schools; raw gain, residual gain, covariance, and true scores; were compared. A simulation study showed true score analysis produced a large number of Type-I errors. When corrected for this error, this method showed the least power of the four. This outcome was clearly the result of the…

The TADPOLE (Tech Assessment and Development for the Preparation of Optimal Learning Environments) Research Project assessed areas of parental competence in setting up home learning environments for children from birth to three years of age. Six half-hour videotapes were made of each of 30 families in their homes. Two instruments, Parent…