This document contains 12 position statements of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. The statements affirm positions on basic skills, mathematics and bilingual/bicultural education, class size, guidance and counseling for secondary-school counselors and mathematics teachers, involvement of and pressures on classroom teachers,…

The four main approaches to measuring treatment effects in schools; raw gain, residual gain, covariance, and true scores; were compared. A simulation study showed true score analysis produced a large number of Type-I errors. When corrected for this error, this method showed the least power of the four. This outcome was clearly the result of the…

The TADPOLE (Tech Assessment and Development for the Preparation of Optimal Learning Environments) Research Project assessed areas of parental competence in setting up home learning environments for children from birth to three years of age. Six half-hour videotapes were made of each of 30 families in their homes. Two instruments, Parent…

This paper portrays three student teachers, in the same teacher education program, who were placed in a highly structured school for their field experience. The study focuses on how individual student teachers develop perspectives toward teaching and interpret school experiences. Individual case histories are presented, based on interviews with…

Guidance techniques for use with children are discussed in this set of training materials, part of an overall curriculum for Child Development Associate trainees. Topics presented include the following: (1) principles of human behavior according to such theories as psychoanalysis, humanistic psychology, and social learning theory; (2) common…

Research on the development of ability to control variables during adolescence is reviewed. The first section discusses studies by Piaget and his collaborators, replications of Piaget's studies, and related studies by other investigators. Factors which influence performance on controlling variables tasks are delineated; the existence of Piaget's…

A detailed description is provided of the variable individualization of instructional decisions (IDM), which is part of the analysis in phase I of the Evaluation of Practices in Individualized Schooling. The variable is defined; the questionnaires on which the variable is based are listed; the procedures used to scale the variable are explained;…

Although teachers may sequence instructions carefully, they are unable to respond to the complex unique experience of each individual learner. Divergent production should be an instructional choice that enables individuals to learn through their own recall and idea construction. Learning is problem solving; when individuals do not know how to deal…

Language skill attrition refers to the loss of any language or portion of a language whether it be the declining use of mother tongue skills, the replacement of one language by another in language contact situations, the deterioration of language in the neurologically impaired or elderly, or the death of whole languages. In this paper, language…

This report provides abridged versions of participants' statements, panel discussions, and lectures given at the International Seminar on Childhood, Culture and Community held at Haifa, Israel, from June 17 to June 27, 1979. The interrelationship between childhood, culture, and community was the topic of the introductory lecture. Basic needs that…

TO DETERMINE WHETHER SEX IDENTIFICATION INFLUENCES TEACHERS' EVALUATIONS OF STUDENTS WHEN BEHAVIOR IS HELD CONSTANT, 128 WHITE FEMALE TEACHERS RATED STUDENTS FROM STORIES RELATING IN OBJECTIVE TERMS THE BEHAVIOR OF A HYPOTHETICAL NINE-YEAR OLD CHILD. THE STORIES WERE CONTROLLED SO THAT THE BEHAVIORS PRESENTED FOR BOTH SEXES WERE CLOSELY…

This guide is for the incorporation of human relations education in the elementary and secondary school curricula. The primary purpose of each teaching unit is to promote an understanding of and respect for individual differences. Classroom activities listed involve the use of discussion and inquiry and cover self awareness, value clarification,…

The nature of the cognitive style of field articulation and its relationship to differentiation of personality are discussed. A short historical summary of research on field dependence-independence is presented, and problems of measurement, stability, and evolution of the dimension of field articulation are discussed. The connections between field…

In an attempt to help college students who needed remedial work in English composition and reading, a combination of four courses (two in English and two in psychology) by means of team teaching and block scheduling was designed at Foothill College. During the spring of 1968, 30 selected students met during a 2-hour block of time five days a week.…

Information about infants from 1 to 3 months old is presented in a self-instructional format. This illustrated booklet is part of a related curriculum on parenting and child development for school-age mothers. Topics discussed are: (1) Infant care, (2) infant behavior (e.g., thumbsucking, crying), (3) the mother's relationships with the father of…