Careless and insufficient effort responding (C/IER) is a situation where participants respond to survey instruments without considering the item content. This phenomena adds noise to data leading to erroneous inference. There are multiple approaches to identifying and accounting for C/IER in survey settings, of these approaches the best performing…

Objective: Maladaptive daydreaming (MD) is characterized by vivid, excessive fantasy activity that becomes prioritized over other activities and may result in avoidant coping strategies. Little is known about the relationship between MD and internalized stigma in the neurodivergent sample. The current study aimed to examine emotional…

This paper is an investigation of pedagogical tact in terms of vigilance. It is based on a close reading of a passage from Rousseau's "Emile:" a (problematic and troubling) narrative account on the art of hosting a dinner party. Working with the narrative of the dinner party, distinctions are drawn between contrasting ways of knowing,…

Objective: To examine the effects of triple beaded mixed amphetamine salts (TB MAS) on ADHD and executive dysfunction symptoms throughout the day in adults with DSM-5 ADHD. Method: This was a 6 week, single-blind, placebo-lead in trial of TB MAS (12.5-37.5 mg/day); all participants received 2 weeks of single-blind placebo); one individual was a…

This study investigates the cognitive strategies employed during a mental rotation task through the integration of interview data and eye-tracking heat map analysis. A total of 20 interviews between 4 participants were analyzed independently by two coders to identify holistic and piecemeal rotation strategies and eye-tracking heat maps were…

Individuals often have difficulties completing tasks in a timely manner. Whether it be scheduling a doctor's appointment, purchasing a birthday gift, or booking an airline ticket, waiting until the very last minute can carry serious consequences. In two experimental studies, we explore how individuals can be encouraged to finish tasks promptly. We…

Irrelevant salient distractors can trigger early quitting in visual search, causing observers to miss targets they might otherwise find. Here, we asked whether task-relevant salient cues can produce a similar early quitting effect on the subset of trials where those cues fail to highlight the target. We presented participants with a difficult…

Objective: The objective was to determine the differential validity of a cognitive disengagement syndrome-only (CDS-only) group from ADHD-inattentive presentation-only (IN-only), ADHD-hyperactive-impulsive presentation-only (HI-only), and ADHD-combined presentation (C-only) groups within childhood (ages 5-10) and adolescence (ages 11-16). Methods:…

Dynamic fluctuations in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) were modelled throughout an emotionally challenging laboratory task, and direct associations between temporal variation in RSA responding and the deployment of specific behavioural emotion regulation (ER) strategies were assessed. Sixty-three 2- to 6-year-old children (47% girls;…

The ability to shield against distraction while focusing on a task requires the operation of executive functions and is essential for successful learning. We investigated the short-term dynamics of distraction control in a data set of 269 children aged 4-10 years and 51 adults pooled from three studies using multilevel models. Participants…

Bilingualism is a powerful experiential factor, and its effects have been proposed to extend beyond the linguistic domain by boosting the development of executive functioning skills. Crucially, recent findings suggest that this effect can be detected in bilingual infants before their first birthday indicating that it emerges as a result of early…

Although multiple review studies have supported the superior effects of an external compared with internal focus, these reviews are based on performance outcomes. Currently, the literature lacks knowledge regarding the effects of external/internal foci on individuals' perceptions, which may provide further explanations for how attentional focus…

Students with disabilities have higher rates of attention problems than those without disabilities. This can impede their academic success and postsecondary transition, but these effects have not been well-studied. Understanding these effects is especially critical among high school girls with disabilities who additionally experience significant…

Students with disabilities have higher rates of attention problems than those without disabilities. This can impede their academic success and postsecondary transition, but these effects have not been well-studied. Understanding these effects is especially critical among high school girls with disabilities who additionally experience significant…

Electronic Learning (E-Learning) played a significant role in education during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a way to teach and learn online, and it is an efficient method of knowledge transfer for the instructors and students, who must practice social distancing and have less interaction during the pandemic. However, although multimedia…