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Cihon, Joseph H.; Ferguson, Julia L.; Leaf, Justin B.; Milne, Christine M.; Leaf, Ron; McEachin, John – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2020
Prompts are commonly used during discrete trial teaching for individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Three commonly used prompting systems include constant time delay, most-to-least prompting, and flexible prompt fading. Most of the research demonstrating the effectiveness of these three prompting strategies have been completed…
Descriptors: Cues, Prompting, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Michael L. Tomak – ProQuest LLC, 2020
Mands are a vital skill for the development of a child's communicative repertoire and are typically a major focus of early intensive behavior interventions (EIBI). Naturalistic teaching is more efficient than Discrete-Trial Training (DTT) for teaching mands (Jennet, Harris, & Delmolino, 2008); and therefore, the present study used crucial…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Interpersonal Communication, Communication Skills
Baggett, Vincent; Mishra, Aditi; Kehrer, Abigail L.; Robinson, Abbey O.; Shaw, Paul; Zars, Troy – Learning & Memory, 2018
Animals in a natural environment confront many sensory cues. Some of these cues bias behavioral decisions independent of experience, and action selection can reveal a stimulus-response (S-R) connection. However, in a changing environment it would be a benefit for an animal to update behavioral action selection based on experience, and learning…
Descriptors: Cues, Stimuli, Animal Behavior, Entomology
Chance, Sydni; Cividini-Motta, Catia; Livingston, Cynthia – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2021
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often display impairments in communication, such as limited echoic behavior, few vocal-verbal responses, and a lack of functional communication. One potential way to foster the acquisition of vocal responses in individuals with disabilities is by conditioning vocalizations as reinforcers. Conditioning…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Interpersonal Communication, Communication Skills
Valentino, Amber L.; Fu, Sherrene Brice; Padover, Jessica L. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2019
Mands for information (MFIs) play an important role in language development and are important for successfully acquiring new information from one's environment. Yet many individuals with autism do not acquire mands for information without direct teaching. Research has demonstrated effective procedures for teaching all "wh" forms, except…
Descriptors: Verbal Operant Conditioning, Autism, Teaching Methods, Language Acquisition
Mancini, Nino; Hranova, Sia; Weber, Julia; Weiglein, Alice; Schleyer, Michael; Weber, Denise; Thum, Andreas S.; Gerber, Bertram – Learning & Memory, 2019
Adjusting behavior to changed environmental contingencies is critical for survival, and reversal learning provides an experimental handle on such cognitive flexibility. Here, we investigate reversal learning in larval "Drosophila." Using odor-taste associations, we establish olfactory reversal learning in the appetitive and the aversive…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Olfactory Perception, Rewards, Punishment
Weiglein, Alice; Gerstner, Florian; Mancini, Nino; Schleyer, Michael; Gerber, Bertram – Learning & Memory, 2019
Animals of many species are capable of "small data" learning, that is, of learning without repetition. Here we introduce larval "Drosophila melanogaster" as a relatively simple study case for such one-trial learning. Using odor-food associative conditioning, we first show that a sugar that is both sweet and nutritious…
Descriptors: Animals, Associative Learning, Conditioning, Memory
Xia, Yanfang; Gurkina, Angelina; Bach, Dominik R. – Learning & Memory, 2019
Threat conditioning is a common associative learning model with translational relevance. How threat-conditioned cues impact on formally unrelated instrumental behavior in humans is not well known. Such an effect is known as Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT). While PIT with aversive primary Pavlovian reinforcers is established in nonhuman…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Fear, Associative Learning, Reinforcement
Bjorni, Max; Rovero, Natalie G.; Yang, Elissa R.; Holmes, Andrew; Halladay, Lindsay R. – Learning & Memory, 2020
While results from many past studies have implicated the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) in mediating the expression of sustained negative affect, recent studies have highlighted a more complex role for BNST that includes aspects of fear learning in addition to defensive responding. As BNST is thought to encode ambiguous or…
Descriptors: Fear, Cues, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Learning Processes
Schlinger, Henry D. – Early Child Development and Care, 2021
B. F. Skinner is the most eminent psychologist of the twentieth century, and it is no exaggeration to say that his discovery of operant learning (conditioning) has influenced the broader field of psychology, as well as other disciplines, including education, neuroscience, and philosophy. Skinner's discovery and elucidation of operant learning has…
Descriptors: Psychologists, Operant Conditioning, Learning Processes, Child Development
Ampuero, Miguel E.; Robertson, Rachel E. – Education and Treatment of Children, 2022
Due to the increasing number of students in need of special education services and the shortages of licensed special education personnel, paraeducators have become critical in the education of students diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and other disabilities in school settings. As a result, the training of paraeducators has become a major…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Students with Disabilities, Paraprofessional School Personnel
An Analysis of the Effects of Listener Responding and Tact Training on the Emergence of Intraverbals
Lori Lin Chamberlain – ProQuest LLC, 2022
This study compared the effects of listener training and tact training on the emergence of intraverbal responses in the form of foreign language equivalents of the native language. The study was based on Skinner's verbal operants with a focus on intraverbal responses. All participants received listener training and tact training after which a…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Operant Conditioning, Listening Skills, Task Analysis
Lin, Fan Yu; Zhu, Jing – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2020
In teaching conditional discriminations to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), practitioners may progress from simple to conditional discriminations or may teach conditional discriminations from the onset of instruction. Some research indicates that teaching simple discriminations first may be unnecessary and that teaching may more…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Preschool Children, Teaching Methods
Alshammari, Ali – Interactive Learning Environments, 2023
Research relevant to Captology in education is in its infancy. Despite its relative newness, a dearth of literature exists on the subject that addresses the design of a persuasive game for educational purposes. Up to this point, the literature does not include any instructional design theories or theoretical frameworks that can be used…
Descriptors: Game Based Learning, Theories, Game Theory, Design
Yang, Qizong; Antonov, Igor; Castillejos, David; Nagaraj, Anagha; Bostwick, Caleb; Kohn, Andrea; Moroz, Leonid; Hawkins, Robert D. – Learning & Memory, 2018
Long-term but not short-term memory and synaptic plasticity in many brain areas require neurotrophin signaling, transcription, and epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation. However, it has been difficult to relate these cellular mechanisms directly to behavior because of the immense complexity of the mammalian brain. To address that…
Descriptors: Memory, Animals, Genetics, Brain