In two separate paired-associate learning experiments each employing 40 university students as subjects, the contribution of individual differences (IDs) in arousal to short- and long-term retention was investigated using IDs in salivary response to lemon juice stimulation as an index of arousal. Experimental subjects were pre-selected out of 184…

The experimental program in structured activities in perceptual training was said to have two main objectives: to train children in retention of visual and auditory images and to increase the children's motivation to learn. Eight boys and girls participated in the program for two hours daily for a 10-week period. The age range was 7.0 to 12.10…

The purpose of the study, part of the research and curriculum development of the Anthropology Curriculum Project, was to compare the facilitative effects of pre- and post-organizers on the learning of structured anthropology materials at the sixth-grade level. Organizers were defined, in this thesis, as written material that serves the function of…

This dissertation report, stemming from research and curriculum development activities of the Anthropology Curriculum Project, investigates the facilitative effects of pre-organizers, post-organizers, and no-organizers on the learning of anthropological concepts in the third grade. The investigation was an outgrowth of interest in Ausubel's theory…

The effects of two types of elaboration training (imagery and sentence generation) on the paired associate learning of 32 educable mentally retarded children (aged 9 to 13 years were compared over two levels of verbalization (none and overt). Each S was first tested on a warmup list, then trained to generate elaborations, and finally given two…

An examination of models which have been employed in making predictions about the interference effect is made. It is pointed out that investigators mainly have relied upon the paired-associate model borrowed from classical studies in the field of verbal learning. This basic paradigm, represented as A-B, A-C, A-B, has produced fairly consistent…

TWO DIFFERENT USES OF VISUAL REPRESENTATIONS FOR SCIENCE INSTRUCTION WERE INVESTIGATED. THE FIRST STUDY EXAMINED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT USE OF PICTORIAL INSTRUCTION WOULD PRODUCE HIGHER CORRELATION BETWEEN RESULTS OF VISUAL APTITUDE TESTS AND LEARNING TESTS, AND THAT VERBAL INSTRUCTION WOULD PRODUCE HIGHER CORRELATION BETWEEN RESULTS OF VERBAL…

THIS STUDY WAS THE SECOND PART OF AN INVESTIGATION OF VERBAL LEARNING IN CHILDREN, THE FIRST PART BEING CONCERNED WITH THE EFFECTS OF AUDITORY, VISUAL, AND COMBINED AUDIOVISUAL PRESENTATIONS UPON THE LEARNING OF VARIOUS KINDS OF MATERIALS IN A PAIRED-ASSOCIATE PARADIGM. THIS PORTION OF THE STUDY INVOLVED AN EXTENSIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE…

This paper explores the questions of how and why children learn names for things. The acquisition of reference is set within a broader discussion of linguistic representation, which defines language as a system functioning in a three-way relationship among the individual language user, the world of experience, and the social community. It is…

This study had two major objectives. The first was to determine if the effects of verbalization found by Taylor et al (1971) could be extended to a culturally disadvantaged junior high age population; the second was to determine if the effectiveness of verbalization is situation-specific, restricted to the particular list which is verbalized, or…

Naming tasks were used in two studies to test for conceptual organization in young children by comparing the latencies for naming objects in primed vs. non-primed conditions. In the primed condition, a taxonomic category was primed by prior activation of a coordinate member of the same category. In Study 1, 54 kindergarten children were randomly…

Three response measures that have been used in the study of temporal codes for memories were evaluated. Subjects were shown a list of words singly for study, and recency, position, and language judgements were obtained. (SW)

The purpose of this article is to examine the capacity limitations of the active memory system as seen in the nature of the forgetting mechanisms. (Author/NCR)

Conventional paragraph structure requires that the topic sentence be presented first, followed by connected, coherent sentences. The processing role of these rules was investigated by comparing performance on reading simple passages that conformed to or violated conventional paragraph organization. (Author/SW)

This article reports on the results of a descriptive study of wait-time in first-year high school foreign language classes. Over 7500 classroom events were recorded and coded in order to measure and find the variance in time of 3270 instances of post-solicitation and post-response wait-time. Results are discussed. (Author/DF)