In 1840, the British Crown and Maori rangatira (chiefs) across Aotearoa New Zealand signed a treaty that promised indigenous Maori sovereignty over their lands. In the 1980s, the government moved towards the view that the treaty signing symbolised two races coming together in 'partnership'. Partnership is a point of contention in…

This study reports the results of a mixed-methods investigation on the impact of a virtual reality (VR) tool on Iranian EFL learners' willingness to communicate (WTC) and oral proficiency. Twenty upper-intermediate EFL learners were divided into experimental and control groups role-playing as museum guides with and without Google Expeditions VR…

In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the positive or negative effects of the communication model applied in primary school classrooms on the academic success of Syrian immigrant students from the perspective of teachers and students. Therefore, the case study method, which is a qualitative research method, was preferred. The study group of the…

Teacher classroom instructional practice can be a powerful influence on student learning. The Classroom Promotion of Oral Language randomized controlled trial tested whether teacher professional learning focused on promoting oral language in classrooms could improve teacher knowledge and classroom instruction. This study focuses on evaluating the…

Background and Context: Computational Thinking (CT) is a skill all students should learn. This requires using inclusive approaches to teach CT to a wide spectrum of students. However, strategies for teaching CT to students with exceptionalities are not well studied. Objective: This study draws on lessons learned in two fourth-grade classrooms --…

Critical Discourse Analysis is a theory describing how texts are exercised in social phenomena related to discourse and interests in it. In the theory, language and teacher power are two important components to learn because they are areas of discourse learning. However, the topic of language and power is still rarely discussed, especially in EFL…

Academic success is contingent on multiple factors not the least of which is literacy and comprehension. However, research demonstrates that literacy and comprehension levels for traditional aged high secondary school students, as well as non-traditional adult college students threaten the academic success of these demographics. Identifying…

This interdisciplinary study investigates whether, and to what extent, grit (consisting of "perseverance of effort" and "consistency of interests") and classroom enjoyment are linked with EFL learners' willingness to communicate in a second language (L2 WTC), the final psychological step before actual English communication. To…

The focus in this paper is on the analysis of student-centered discourse through applying a discourse analysis tool that I developed to analyze data from an elementary mathematics classroom. The purpose of the analysis tool is to understand the impact of the complex learning system on the emerging classroom discourse. The minimum conditions for…

Background: This article explores the political impact of using gender neutral pronouns in the university classroom. Aim: We explore how the gender neutral pronoun 'they' denaturalises essentialist models of gender identity. We follow 'they' toward a consideration of the gender neutral pronoun 'it.' 'It' advances -- at the same time that it…

This essay explores the way that the social interactions of the classroom play a role in shaping sign production. It examines the talk of one second year Advanced Level English literature class in North London during their study of John Webster's "The Duchess of Malfi" through the lens of Volosinov's theories of language. It seeks to…

Student-generated drawing is a useful strategy to construct students' scientific ideas. For exploring ways to support student-generated drawing, we focused on the perspective of 'Norms' -- shared behaviour patterns desirable in a community. We investigated what norms were formed and how they emerged when students made drawings to explain…

In classrooms, the act of saying hello - the ritual of shaking hands or hugging, and taking the time to exchange information -- can enact relational values of "We"-ness, of belonging. In this paper we highlight how one second grade teacher's personalized and consistent use of greetings, and apprenticeship of students into how to greet…

This study explores variation in willingness to communicate (WTC) in English between whole-class interaction and dyadic and group interaction, and teacher interaction strategies identified to sustain students' WTC in whole-class interaction that primarily followed the initiation-response-feedback (IRF) pattern. Data were collected from a regular…

The study investigated the beliefs expressed by a sample of 206 Polish and Spanish teacher-trainees about the use of learners' native language (L1) in teaching English as a foreign language (EFL). Quantitative and qualitative data from a questionnaire revealed considerable differences between the two nationality groups in their beliefs about both…