Six waitresses in a restaurant of a large midwestern city agreed to participate in a study of the nonverbal effects of ornamentation. The hypothesis was that diners would leave larger tips for a waitress who wore a flower in her hair than for the same waitress without a flower. During the four nights that data were collected, the waitresses…

THE SELF-IMPOSED RESTRICTION OF LINGUISTIC SCIENCE TO THE STUDY OF LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE HAS PREVENTED LINGUISTS FROM CONCERNING THEMSELVES WITH THE STUDY OF HOW LANGUAGE IS USED IN THE DAILY LIVES OF PEOPLE AND, ASIDE FROM OCCASIONAL SPECULATIONS, HOW IT IS INVOLVED IN THE MAJOR CONCERNS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE--SOCIETY, CULTURE, AND PERSONALITY.…

IN RECENT DISCUSSIONS OF THE PROBLEM OF LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY, BERNSTEIN (1961, 1964) EXPLORES THE HYPOTHESIS THAT SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS ACT AS INTERVENING VARIABLES BETWEEN LINGUISTIC STRUCTURES AND THEIR REALIZATION IN SPEECH. HIS FORMULATION SUGGESTS THAT THE ANTHROPOLOGISTS' ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL CONSTRAINTS GOVERNING INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS…

This is the final report of work accomplished on project SOCRATES (System for Organizing Content to Review and Teach Educational Subjects). The project contributed to the development and operation of a computer-based facility for psychological research on variables associated with pre-programed self-instruction (PSI) and self-programed…

Subliminal stimulation is defined as that which is perceived by an individual below the threshold of awareness or cognizance. This article traces the history of research in subliminal stimulation to illustrate that under certain circumstances and conditions, this behavioral phenomenon does occur. Although subliminal stimuli do affect human…

Behavioral scientists have been slow in the development of effective procedures and in empirical validation of psychological testing instruments for selecting law enforcement personnel. This study involved 253 supervisory sergeants and field lieutenants and 2,327 uniformed patrolmen of the Chicago Police Department (CPD). Three major performance…

It is the author's view that an applied behavioral science approach to the problems of learning and instruction is fundamental to instructional technology. The systems approach may constitute the core technology around which other relevant technologies may be clustered and integrated in application. The author outlines his plan for implementation…

The 39 research projects described cover several fields within the social and behavioral sciences related to personnel administration. The project description format includes: (1) project title, (2) principal investigator, (3) institution, (4) advisor, (5) grants, (6) background and purpose, (7) scope, material, methods, experimental design, (8)…

An attempt was made to reduce or eliminate rule effects in attribute identification (AI) tasks through AI pretraining. Thirty-six 12th-grade volunteers received 0, 4, or 8 AI problems prior to transfer to a final AI task. Results showed that even at the highest level of pretraining, rule effects were present at transfer. These findings were…

The data presented in this report call attention to inappropriate use of the Eigenroot criterion in factor work, a practice which has probably grown out of a theoretical focus on determining basic laws of behavior, rather than a practical emphasis on providing information that will be useful to college instructors and administrators. When…

This book is designed to improve one's listening skills. Listening is behavior governed by the same principles that govern all behavior. The total constellation of factors influencing such complex behaviors that often arise in the speaking-listening situation involve several levels and types of learning. Any attempt to understand auditors must be…

In the first section of this paper, the author analyzes concepts and theoretical issues found to be significant for the topics of investigation but neither sufficiently explicated nor fully incorporated into the studies to be described later. It is felt that much further work needs to be done in order to achieve such goals. In the second section,…

How can a person be induced to do something he might not ordinarily do? What constitutes a commitment on his part of some future action? Past research indicates that compliance with a small, relatively innocuous "foot-in-the-door" request serves to increase, relative to a control group, subsequent compliance with a larger request directed toward…

All forms of play are transformations of four basic modes by which people know the world: copying, analysis, prediction, and synthesis. Transformation involves foregoing the usual outcomes of adapted intelligence for the sake of voluntary control of one's own behavior in games, and for the excitement of novel affective, cognitive and behavioral…

Analyses of self-disclosure behavior under multiple conditions of social isolation and confinement replicated earlier findings and generally confirmed hypotheses derived from social penetration theory. Major findings link self-disclosure to environmental parameters and interpersonal friction. In the Privacy without Stimulation condition, Ss…