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Weible, Aldis P.; Oh, M. Matthew; Lee, Grace; Disterhoft, John F. – Learning & Memory, 2004
Cholinergic systems are critical to the neural mechanisms mediating learning. Reduced nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAChR) binding is a hallmark of normal aging. These reductions are markedly more severe in some dementias, such as Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacological central nervous system therapies are a means to ameliorate the cognitive…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Animals, Eye Movements, Pharmacology
Lin, Chia-Ho; Lee, Chia-Ching; Huang, Ya-Chun; Wang, Su-Jane; Gean, Po-Wu – Learning & Memory, 2005
There is a close correlation between long-term potentiation (LTP) in the synapses of lateral amygdala (LA) and fear conditioning in animals. We predict that reversal of LTP (depotentiation) in this area of the brain may ameliorate conditioned fear. Activation of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR II) with DCG-IV induces…
Descriptors: Fear, Animals, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Conditioning
Navarick, Douglas J. – Psychological Record, 2004
The ability of a reinforcer to maintain behavior decreases as a hyperbolic function of its delay. This discounted value can help explain impulsivity defined as the choice of an immediate, small reinforcer over a delayed, large reinforcer. Human operant studies using consumable reinforcers such as videos have found impulsivity with delays under 1…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Questionnaires, Conceptual Tempo, Behavior Modification
Sealey, Diane M.; Sumpter, Catherine E.; Temple, W.; Foster, T. Mary – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2005
To examine the effects on concurrent performance of independent manipulations of response-unit duration and number, 6 hens were exposed to concurrent second- order schedules of reinforcement. Each first-order operant unit required completion of a fixed-ratio schedule within the time specified by a fixed- interval schedule, with one further…
Descriptors: Intervals, Reinforcement, Stimuli, Prediction
MacDonall, James S. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2005
Contingencies of reinforcement specify how reinforcers are earned and how they are obtained. Ratio contingencies specify the number of responses that earn a reinforcer, and the response satisfying the ratio requirement obtains the earned reinforcer. Simple interval schedules specify that a certain time earns a reinforcer, which is obtained by the…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Intervals, Experiments, Preferences
Winston, Del; And Others – 1988
This document contains supplemental materials for special needs high school students intended to facilitate their mainstreaming in regular air conditioning and refrigeration courses. Teacher's materials precede the materials for students and include general notes for the instructor, additional suggestions, two references, a questionnaire on the…
Descriptors: Air Conditioning, Air Conditioning Equipment, Competency Based Education, Electric Motors
BRETHOWER, DALE M.
THE STUDY INVESTIGATED SOME OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN A CHILD'S VERBAL BEHAVIOR AND ENVIRONMENTAL EVENTS NECESSARY IN ACQUIRING LANGUAGE. TWO TRAINABLE RETARDATES (FROM A GROUP OF SIX, AGED 3-6 TO 5) WITH A FUNCTIONAL VOCABULARY OF NO MORE THAN TWO OR THREE WORDS WERE SEEN INDIVIDUALLY IN 20- TO 30-MINUTE SESSIONS TWICE A WEEK DURING A 4-MONTH…
Descriptors: Behavior, Behavior Change, Exceptional Child Research, Language
Chastain, Kenneth – 1970
Implications of the behaviorist and cognitive theories in language instruction are discussed in this article. Some contributions of Skinner, Politzer, Valette, Morton, Lane, and Mueller and Niedzielski clarify the behaviorists' view of language as a myriad of conditioned responses. In turn, the cognitive viewpoint, seen as the acquisiton and…
Descriptors: Behavior Development, Behavior Theories, Behavioral Objectives, Cognitive Development
Sandler, Adrian – Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 2005
Recent clinical trials of secretin in children with autism showed robust placebo effects and no benefit of secretin over placebo. This article explores the reasons for the observed placebo effects, focusing on the heightening of positive expectancy by media attention and by the sensory experiences associated with intravenous injections.…
Descriptors: Research Design, Autism, Hyperactivity, Developmental Disabilities
Weinberger, Norman M. – Learning & Memory, 2007
Historically, sensory systems have been largely ignored as potential loci of information storage in the neurobiology of learning and memory. They continued to be relegated to the role of "sensory analyzers" despite consistent findings of associatively induced enhancement of responses in primary sensory cortices to behaviorally important signal…
Descriptors: Memory, Experimental Psychology, Classical Conditioning, Brain
Stankus, Tony – Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian, 2008
Psychologists, social workers, and school counselors are increasingly adding neurofeedback (NFT), a controversial alternative or complementary therapy to their treatment plans for patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. NFT involves training the patient in self-regulation of brain wave patterns, employing a standard diagnostic…
Descriptors: Operant Conditioning, Brain, Diagnostic Tests, Biofeedback
Lieving, Gregory A.; Reilly, Mark P.; Lattal, Kennon A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2006
An observing procedure was used to investigate the effects of alterations in response-conditioned-reinforcer relations on observing. Pigeons responded to produce schedule-correlated stimuli paired with the availability of food or extinction. The contingency between observing responses and conditioned reinforcement was altered in three experiments.…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Stimuli, Reinforcement, Conditioning
Kubina, Richard M., Jr.; Morrison, Rebecca S.; Lee, David L. – Journal of Creative Behavior, 2006
As researchers continue to study creativity, a behavior analytic perspective may provide new vistas by offering an additional perspective. Contemporary behavior analysis began with B. F. Skinner and offers a selectionist approach to the scientific investigation of creativity. Behavior analysis contributes to the study of creativity by…
Descriptors: Creativity, Behavior Problems, Researchers, Behavioral Science Research
Lebel, David; Sidhu, Nishchal; Barkai, Edi; Quinlan, Elizabeth M. – Learning & Memory, 2006
Olfactory discrimination (OD) learning consists of two phases: an initial N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor--sensitive rule-learning phase, followed by an NMDA receptor (NMDAR)--insensitive pair-learning phase. The rule-learning phase is accompanied by changes in the composition and function of NMDARs at synapses in the piriform cortex,…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Discrimination Learning, Neurolinguistics, Conditioning
PECCOLO, CHARLES – 1962
THIS IS A REPORT OF A FIRST PILOT STUDY WHICH PRECEDES A SERIES OF STUDIES BEING CONDUCTED BY THE IOWA CENTER FOR RESEARCH IN SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION AND LENNOX INDUSTRIES INC., MARSHALLTOWN, IOWA. IT IS A DIGEST OF A THESIS BY DR. CHARLES PECCOLO WHO SERVED AS RESEARCHER ON THIS FIRST STUDY. THE STUDY AIMED AT MEASURING THE EFFECTS OF THERMAL…
Descriptors: Air Conditioning, Air Conditioning Equipment, Building Design, Climate Control