Much recent research on educational organizations, including that of Meyer and Rowan (1977, 1978), has depicted them as ritualistically legitimated, internally loosely-coupled systems. Willower, however, has argued (1982) that legitimization of schools by their communities is not merely ritualistic but is ordinarily problematic. To examine…

Issues related to conception, assessment, decision-making, and instructional programming for the retarded in the adaptive behavior domain are discussed. Issues in the conception of adaptive behavior include its relationship to other constructs such as cognitive competence and emotional competence, the nearly universal use of certain domains,…

Teaching has been described by a number of educational researchers as a complex cognitive activity. In an effort to contribute to the knowledge base for elementary science teacher effectiveness, this study was undertaken to build upon the procedures and findings of previous intensive instruction research by providing a framework for the…

Data indicate that although science is required of all students in elementary school, elementary teachers do not usually teach science as a high priority or in a way that enhances student achievement. A myriad of possible causes for existing voids in this teaching process have been suggested by researchers. Teacher belief systems have been…

The guide is intended as an information resource for building level administrators who supervise educational programs for emotionally handicapped (EH) students. Following a definition of EH students, the first of six chapters discusses steps in starting an EH class, including considerations in the areas of personnel, the physical classroom…

The guide is intended as an informational resource for members of community agencies or contracted service providers who are involved in the education and/or welfare of emotionally handicapped (EH) students. Following a definition of EH students, the first of eight brief sections outlines procedures for referral and evaluation, case conference…

This resource book introduces fourth-grade children to nature around them by studying animal tracks and other animal evidence. The lessons and concepts covered in this unit are designed to develop an awareness and appreciation of animals in our environment. Ten lessons are provided including: (1) identifying holes, tracks, and scratches; (2)…

Previous studies indicate significant behavior and social/emotional differences between divorced and intact family children in favor of the latter group. Sex and age of the children appear to yield different responses to the stress of divorce. This study expands previous studies by: (1) focusing on a rural population; (2) examining the effect of…

Reviewed are studies describing how forms and features of child care systems can influence the development of social competency with peers during the infancy to preschool periods of development. Interactions between the child care and familial systems in influencing social competency with peers are also examined. Sections of the review focus on…

The report describes the process and procedures undertaken to recommend topics for a California community college (Oxnard College) faculty resource guide, intended to facilitate test-taking by students with disabilities. An expert panel composed of college administrators, special educators, other faculty members, and community professionals…

After an introduction which briefly discusses emotional, therapeutic, phenomenological, cognitive, and developmental perspectives on play, this volume presents the complete texts of all the main lectures and a few short papers that were given at the International Symposium on Play, Play Therapy, and Play Research. Papers in part 1 concern certain…

This document contains case studies of troubled adolescents and is intended for use by educators for discussions, especially in in-service and graduate programs. Case studies of 10 young adolescents are presented, each followed by a set of questions drawn from a psychological theory. To help new practitioners who may have difficulty connecting…

Research on teacher thinking generally has failed to take into account teacher beliefs and understandings in both research methodology and in interpretation of data. Two models prevail in research on teacher thinking. The decision making model, which has undergone several modifications, tends to focus on explaining and understanding deliberate…

This manual contains suggestions for secondary school teacher aides, substitute teachers, and beginning teachers. Sections on teacher aides and substitute teachers focus on the general attitudes toward and of these paraprofessional school personnel. Also discussed in these sections are problems, and some solutions, that teacher aides and…

A study explored the relationship between social/cultural control and the way knowledge is structured and presented in schools. "Critical literacy" was defined as the perception of meaning within the total context of the relevant experiences of the reader. The "dilemmas of schooling" language developed by A. Berlak and H. Berlak was used to…