Counter conditioning procedures reduced text anxiety in fifth and sixth grade children and improved their Digit Span performance but not Vocabulary performance on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. (Author/DEP)

A nurse involved with institutionalized retarded children analyzes the value of behavior modification and describes four behavior modification programs planned and carried out by nursing staff to modify food stealing, screaming at mealtimes, excessive requests for self assurance, and unitary incontinence. (CL)

Examined the differential effects of reinforcement versus extinction in contingency management of outpatient unipolar depression for depressed subjects (N=6) and their significant others. Supports the efficacy of contingency management. (Author/ABB)

Relationship between maternal ratings of temperament and operant learning was examined in 18 2- to 3-month-old infants. Subjects participated in a conjugate reinforcement experiment; mothers of subjects completed the Carey and McDevitt Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire 2 to 3 days before the learning study. Two temperament dimensions,…

Presented is a case study of a 19-year-old female with hydraencephaly (a condition marked by excessive accumulation of fluid in the cerebral ventricles) who was conditioned on three occasions to increase eyeblink rate with tactile reinforcement. (CL)

Five components of learning motivation delineated are: (1) expectations of positive affective change; (2) self concept; (3) goal setting; (4) knowledge of steps instrumental to learning; and (5) self evaluation. Cultural differences on these components are also discussed. (RP)

This investigation examines the attitude-ambivalence measurement problem in the context of defining outcome criteria on which to measure the effects of aversive conditioning in alcoholism. (Author)

Investigates the role of instructions in operant conditioning research with children. Subjects are verbally instructed to make an unreinforced response while an incompatible response is monetarily rewarded. Examines the effects of experimenter presence and characteristics of the adult giving the instructions. (DP)

This paper reviews the respondent (Hull-Spence) and operant (Skinnerian) conditioning definitions of reinforcers and reinforcement and demonstrates the need to keep the systems separate when consulting about behavior modification. The two systems are shown to lead to different modification procedures. (Author)

The purpose of this experiment was to see if there would be a conditioning of evaluative meaning effect when a procedure was used that reduced contingency and demand awareness. The results lend support to Staats' conditioning of meaning and attitude theory. (Author/KM)

Nursery school children were shown films to vicariously condition either fear or positive emotional responses in them. The children showed a higher rate of responding to the positive stimulus. (Author/KM)

A system is described whereby sheltered workshop behaviors are transduced automatically by tools wired to operant programing and recording apparatus. (Author)

In this study, both the semantic and systematic desensitization methods were found to be significantly more effective than the implosive therapy and the control treatments in the modification of phobic behavior among the college student population. (Author)

Describes ways to reduce energy consumption in transportation, space heating, and air conditioning. Greater efficiency for energy use from an engineering point of view is possible in present circumstances. (PS)

Purpose of the present research was to determine whether certain Pavlovian conditioning phenomena occur in a simple probability learning situation. (Authors)