Visual learning, the capacity to construe meaning from visual images and to create meaningful visual forms, distills complex information and presents information directly. It plays an important role in development of the ability to abstract and decode. (SK)

Examined ethnic diversity of the grandmother role and implications for strengthening support networks of older African-American women. Findings from 79 African-American grandmothers and 87 white grandmothers 65 years of age and older showed cultural distinctions in grandmother role. Results have important implications for strengthening the natural…

Tested infants' remembrance of the orientations and angular relations of line segments. In one experiment, infants "dishabituated" to a change in orientation but not a change in angle. In two further experiments, infants familiar with either an acute or obtuse angle gave strong novelty preferences to a different angle. (BC)

Attitudes toward rape were examined by assessing the reactions of 95 male and female college students to scenarios about couples in varying degrees of acquaintanceship. Males had more rape-supportive beliefs. It appears that college students view date rape as an extension of traditional male-female sexual interaction. (DM)

Two experiments investigated the possibility that three year olds would do better on tasks in which belief cues were stronger than on standard false belief tasks, in which the children could reason backward to the belief from its effects. Findings provided strong support for the view that three year olds do not fully understand the…

Examined how fathers (n=32) of young children shaped fatherhood roles according to models in their lives. Respondents' own fathers were not seen as good role models. Fathers tended not to model behavior after particular individual but to select particular behaviors to incorporate into their roles. Subjects placed emphasis on providing role model…

Interviewed 114 grandparents. Found three major grandparent roles: custodial, living with grandchild, and day-care roles. Found that custodial grandparents often obtained that relationship because of severe problems in nuclear family. Day-care grandparents provided regular help to grandchild's nuclear family. Decision to provide care was often…

Argues for a mathematics education that interprets the word "theorem" in a sense that is wide enough to include the visual aspects of mathematical intuition and reasoning. Defines the term "visual theorems" and illustrates the concept using the Marigold of Theodorus. (Author/MDH)

Summarizes findings of a study identifying problematic aspects of the deputy principalship (job dissatisfaction and lack of a significant professional identity) in self-managed Western Australia primary schools. Deputy principals can reshape their positions by increasing their role awareness, assuming greater policymaking responsibility,…

Examined how both division of household labor and perceptions of its equity relate to spouses' reports of marital conflict and satisfaction in 656 working-class and middle-class dual-earner families. For middle-class wives, perceptions of equity had strongest effect on marital conflict. For working-class wives, higher proportion of traditionally…

Studied parameters that describe the course of change in subjective intensity of personal problems during psychotherapy: initial severity, rate of problem change, day-to-day intensity variability, and change in rate of problem change. Rate of change parameter correlated with traditional pre- to posttreatment outcome measures. Instability was high.…

Examined elementary school counselors' perceptions of their current interventions with families, their ideal forms of family interventions, and barriers to working with families. Findings from 249 counselors revealed that counselors preferred to work with children individually and consult with teachers more than doing parent consultation.…

Collected data from 206 probation officers to examine work ideologies of juvenile versus adult probation officers. Findings revealed that juvenile and adult probation officers differed in their opinions about the best method of managing offenders under correctional supervision, with juvenile workers expressing more support for casework-type…

A study of 103 (of 143) teachers' expectations of occupational therapists working with exceptional children in Ontario public schools found that (1) teachers consider therapists to be important; (2) they think therapists should define their role and responsibility further; and (3) they believe therapists should work with special needs children…

Notes that sudden loss of child, especially by suicide, can be lifelong sentence of suffering for bereaved parents. Sees reaching out for help as often inconceivable and impossible task for parent survivors because of complex grief process. Explores what role helpers can play, who can fill helper position, and what criteria helpers must meet to be…